Early Detection of Autism May Reduce Severity Essay -- Exploratory Ess

Early Detection of Autism May Reduce SeverityProfessors comment The student wrote this write up for English 102 Writing in the Health Sciences. It is a feature article like you find in the New York Times. Notice that she cites her sources the way that journalists do, naming them in the article as though she both read their work and talked with them (but, because she is a student, she also includes a nonjournalistic reference list). This student has risen to the difficult challenge of addressing an improve audience of both critical scientists and non-scientists reading for interesther article is people-oriented, follows an enticing and engaging structure, and provides new, clear, fascinating detail on a significant topic. Scientists are gaining a new understanding of how the brains of autistic individuals work. Their discoveries have led many to believe that early intervention may reduce the severity of the disorder. The brain continues to develop later birth. Therefore, ear ly damage can often be compensated for if another part of the brain takes over the responsibilities of the damaged area. Because the brains ability to organize itself declines rapidly during the first few years of life, techniques that allow for early detection of autism are critical. Several such diagnostic methods have recently been proposed. Most of these are based on the analysis of videotapes of infants later diagnosed with autism. Autism is a developmental disorder that affects the functions of the brain. Individuals with autism most often have serious problems with social interaction and with communication and imagination, as well as unusual behavior patterns (rituals, preoccupations, and repetitive behaviors). D... ...999, March 7 Hashimoto, T., M. Tayama, K. Murakawa, and T. Yoshimoto. (1995). Development of the brainstem and cerebellum in autistic patients. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders,1, 1-18. Lex, Carolyn. (February 1, 1999). Interview with a gravel of an autistic child. Osterling, J., and G. Dawson. (1994). Early recognition of children with autism A study of first birthday home videotapes. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders,24, 247-258. Rasmussen, C. (1999). Sensory Integration. In Center for the Study of Autism.Online. accessible http//www.autism.org/si.html 1999, March 8 Teitelbaum, P., O. Teitelbaum, J. Nye, J. Fryman, and R. Maurer. (1968, November 18). Movement analysis in infancy may be useful for early diagnosis of autism. PNAS Online. Available http//www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/95/23/13982 1999, March 7.

The Tragedy of Global Warming :: Greenhouse Effect Climate Change

The Tragedy of Global WarmingThe health issues of global warming are make the human population rate to decrease over time. The health issues are caused by infectious microbes, pollution by chemical and biological wastes. Many of these diseases lead cause illnesses or even death in the future. In fact, many scientists and doctors have discovered these diseases provide cause human population to decrease by deaths as they are transferred from one person to the next either physical, eating animals contaminated, mosquitoes, or even blood transfusions though needles. Global warming has been discovered to be very dangerous to human health and is causing many deaths around the world. These tragic experiences in other countries are causing the health hazards to become to a greater extent aware to humans and are giving the USA more time to plan cures for it before it becomes an issue for them. Global warming is affecting the health issues in todays generation as well as the futures generati on. Global warming causes many different health issues to the human body. With the temperatures rising, the risk of cancer is increasing. According to the U.S. National Cancer Institute between 1975 and 1991 skin cancer increased by 812 percent. El Nino made1998 the warmest year ever preserve(Bell 129). The warm temperature resulted in the worldwide outbreak of mosquitoes. With the warm temperatures mosquitoes were infected with different diseases such as malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, rift valley fever and several(prenominal) other kinds of diseases. The World Health Organization said there were quantitative leaps in malaria cases around the world. Thousands were infected with Rift Valley fever in Kenya, resulting in 200 deaths(129). Many passel around the world think that the earth is in danger because of global warming. Rising temperatures will have enormous conflict on the earth in the future(pewtrust). With the temperatures rising this will cause the icebergs to melt a nd make the sea level rise. Rising sea levels inundating coastal communities, neutered crop yields and water supplies, increased floods and droughts and surge in infectious disease. The water will be tainted because of the water runoff pushing chemicals into our water supply. This will cause people to get sick or even die. With it getting hotter the carbon dioxide levels are rising. This may cause weeds to grow faster and take for granted over the crops we need. Paul R. Epstein, a doctor from Harvard Medical School found a very interesting fact in his research that discussed how many people he estimates are going to be affected by global warming in the future.

Astronomy, why is the sky dark Essay -- essays research papers

Why is the night sky dark?(Hienrich) For thousands of years this question, also known as Olbers paradox, has been asked. Astronomers are eer growing closer to the answer but still no one has yet found a finite answer. As scientists relentlessly collect information hoping to find some clue as to the answer to this riddle we seem to realize that the answer may be because of something that is too mind blowing for us to comprehend. some(prenominal) explanations have been considered over the years. exactly as of right now only about two reasons seem to answer the question at hand. Here are several explanations, some of which have been scientifically accepted and others that just simply appear to be logical. The first explanation is that there is too much downslope in the universe to see the light from distant stars. This is obviously wrong. The dust does act as a shield, making some of the light harder to see from earth. But the amount of dust that it would take to completely block out all starlight would also block out light from the sun and this is clearly not happening. A second explanation is that the Universe has a finite number of stars. Well, regardless of how finite the number of stars is, the reality is that the number of stars we do have would be plenty energy to light up the entire sky. There is too much luminous matter in the Universe to allow this explanation to be correct. A third explanation is that the distribution of stars is such that some hind behind others and so the lig...

The Cold Embrace Essay -- Creative Writing Essays

The Cold Embrace The night in the city was going to be especially cold tonight. The toss had been overcast for almost the entire day, leading to a brief although torrential downpour in the mid-afternoon. The streets of the Bronx outside the third-story apartment window that Leonard Jefferson Bennings now looked out were consummate(a) from the July rainstorm and shone with a glimmer he remembered considering from his bedroom window in Massachusetts many years ago. He wondered if he would ever get to see his childhood home again, and, if he did, would the world of his youth smooth exist even there? Like the final beams of sunlight of the day, his hope was growing black as he looked out on what had once been the metropolitan heart of his landed estate. Leonard turned away from the window, looking back into his temporary residence. It was a simple apartment, trey rooms, furnished with trappings of a world that now existed only in memory. Strewn about the living room were su ch memorabilia as a 1946 Bing Crosby Christmas album, a cheating set that looked to be a family heirloom, an assortment of furniture and coffee tables, and a 1939 globe, showing the way the world had looked in simpler times. Leonard could easily identify each country on the globe, a skill greatly useful to a high school geography teacher, and could just as easily identify how few of those countries still existed. South America was still correct north of Brazil, and most of North America was still as the sphere portrayed it. Europe, Asia, and Africa, however, would require the globe to be completely redone. Leonard had studied the globe many times in his short stay in this house, and it never failed to bring him almost to tears. From the couch on the environ far... ...ump. And then, the infinite fall, broken only by the cold embrace of the Atlantic. Nineteen minutes since they had left the ammunition room. Leonard floated alone in the water. The other sister had been dis h in the shoulder during the jump and had sunk when she hit the water. He was sure he had heard a small explosion on the deck as he fell Christina was dead, as was everyone else by now. Leonard would join them soon. He could do little more than float with the wound in his side. If the explosion happened, he would be too close to escape. If it didnt, he would drown when he got too tired to float. He looked up at the ship one last time. As he did, a pillar of fire erupted out of it. In the light it cast, he could see the sky had cleared. The morning would have sunlight. He took one last, gasping breath, and sank beneath the waves forever.

Jeannine :: Personal Narrative Papers

JeannineShe had seen things and experienced a life that I only knew astir(predicate) through the movies. She acted as though she knew I would not be able to understand her, but I could see in her eyes that she hoped I could. e stood in the driveway, physically surrounding(prenominal) than we had been to each separate in two weeks. Jeannine, my sister, did not stay at home too much anymore. She had dedicated her cosmea to her boyfriend Steven and chose to live with his family so that the two of them could be closer. My parents were supportive and open, but they would neer have let their seventeen year old daughter pause in the same wrinkle under their roof with her nineteen-year-old boyfriend. So after countless years of tension and arguments, my sister had achieved what she had sought for years, independence from her family, but intimately of all from her older brother. now standing in that driveway, our childhood playground, as I prepared for the long journey to James Madiso n University, we realized that the bygone five years of our lives had been wasted. Her ceaseless struggles to get out of the house coupled with my harsh attempts to see that she met that goal consumed our adolescent years, the period where we needed each other the most. My parents told me that they were ready to leave, and I gave Jeannine a long hug. It was the first time in half a decade that I gave her a meaningful show of affection. I met her with the love that I had subdue for so long, rather than the hate and loathing that was quick to my aid in the many years of confrontation that we shared. It was then, as her principal sum rested on my pectus and her arms wrapped around me, that I realized the wrongs I had done to her. All of a sudden, I did not take to leave. I had my sister back, how could I abandon her again?No one can really claim to have a perfect childhood blood relative relationship, but we were still rattling close. At times, we could even be proud of one ano ther. Yet, as in all sibling bonds, these good tidings never lasted. Our games of tic-tac-toe or kickball with our friends would go from friendly backyard, Little- House-on-the-Prairie type moments to screaming matches in a matter of days.Jeannine Personal Narrative PapersJeannineShe had seen things and experienced a life that I only knew about through the movies. She acted as though she knew I would not be able to understand her, but I could see in her eyes that she hoped I could. e stood in the driveway, physically closer than we had been to each other in two weeks. Jeannine, my sister, did not stay at home too much anymore. She had dedicated her existence to her boyfriend Steven and chose to live with his family so that the two of them could be closer. My parents were supportive and open, but they would never have let their seventeen year old daughter sleep in the same bed under their roof with her nineteen-year-old boyfriend. So after countless years of tension and arguments, my sister had achieved what she had sought for years, independence from her family, but most of all from her older brother.Now standing in that driveway, our childhood playground, as I prepared for the long journey to James Madison University, we realized that the past five years of our lives had been wasted. Her constant struggles to get out of the house coupled with my harsh attempts to see that she met that goal consumed our adolescent years, the period where we needed each other the most. My parents told me that they were ready to leave, and I gave Jeannine a long hug. It was the first time in half a decade that I gave her a meaningful show of affection. I met her with the love that I had suppressed for so long, rather than the hate and loathing that was quick to my aid in the many years of confrontation that we shared. It was then, as her head rested on my chest and her arms wrapped around me, that I realized the wrongs I had done to her. All of a sudden, I did not want to lea ve. I had my sister back, how could I abandon her again?No one can really claim to have a perfect childhood sibling relationship, but we were still very close. At times, we could even be proud of one another. Yet, as in all sibling bonds, these good tidings never lasted. Our games of tic-tac-toe or kickball with our friends would go from friendly backyard, Little- House-on-the-Prairie type moments to screaming matches in a matter of days.

Jeannine :: Personal Narrative Papers

JeannineShe had seen things and experienced a life that I only knew about through the movies. She acted as though she knew I would not be adapted to downstairsstand her, just I could see in her eyes that she hoped I could. e stood in the driveway, physically closer than we had been to severally other in devil weeks. Jeannine, my sister, did not stay at home too much anymore. She had dedicated her existence to her boyfriend Steven and chose to live with his family so that the devil of them could be closer. My parents were supportive and open, but they would never have let their seventeen year old daughter sleep in the same bed under their roof with her nineteen-year-old boyfriend. So after countless years of tension and arguments, my sister had achieved what she had sought for years, independence from her family, but most of all from her older brother.Now stand in that driveway, our childhood playground, as I prepared for the want journey to James Madison University, we realiz ed that the past five years of our lives had been wasted. Her constant struggles to get hold out of the house joined with my harsh attempts to see that she met that goal consumed our adolescent years, the period where we needed each other the most. My parents told me that they were ready to leave, and I gave Jeannine a long hug. It was the first time in half a decade that I gave her a meaningful show of affection. I met her with the love that I had suppressed for so long, rather than the hate and detest that was quick to my aid in the many years of confrontation that we shared. It was then, as her head rested on my chest and her arms wrapped around me, that I realized the wrongs I had d genius to her. All of a sudden, I did not want to leave. I had my sister back, how could I abandon her again?No one can really claim to have a perfect childhood sibling relationship, but we were still very close. At times, we could even be gallant of one another. Yet, as in all sibling bonds, th ese good tidings never lasted. Our games of tic-tac-toe or kickball with our friends would go from neighborly backyard, Little- House-on-the-Prairie type moments to screaming matches in a matter of days.Jeannine Personal Narrative PapersJeannineShe had seen things and experienced a life that I only knew about through the movies. She acted as though she knew I would not be able to understand her, but I could see in her eyes that she hoped I could. e stood in the driveway, physically closer than we had been to each other in two weeks. Jeannine, my sister, did not stay at home too much anymore. She had dedicated her existence to her boyfriend Steven and chose to live with his family so that the two of them could be closer. My parents were supportive and open, but they would never have let their seventeen year old daughter sleep in the same bed under their roof with her nineteen-year-old boyfriend. So after countless years of tension and arguments, my sister had achieved what she ha d sought for years, independence from her family, but most of all from her older brother.Now standing in that driveway, our childhood playground, as I prepared for the long journey to James Madison University, we realized that the past five years of our lives had been wasted. Her constant struggles to get out of the house coupled with my harsh attempts to see that she met that goal consumed our adolescent years, the period where we needed each other the most. My parents told me that they were ready to leave, and I gave Jeannine a long hug. It was the first time in half a decade that I gave her a meaningful show of affection. I met her with the love that I had suppressed for so long, rather than the hate and loathing that was quick to my aid in the many years of confrontation that we shared. It was then, as her head rested on my chest and her arms wrapped around me, that I realized the wrongs I had done to her. All of a sudden, I did not want to leave. I had my sister back, how could I abandon her again?No one can really claim to have a perfect childhood sibling relationship, but we were still very close. At times, we could even be proud of one another. Yet, as in all sibling bonds, these good tidings never lasted. Our games of tic-tac-toe or kickball with our friends would go from friendly backyard, Little- House-on-the-Prairie type moments to screaming matches in a matter of days.

The Unsung Heroes – Creative Writing

Launch the beacon. Again another puke, flowed by the sound of the beacon launching. Chris had on last look at the holler let on nebular, smiled and then turned his ship into the dark of space. Even from this distance he could see the slight glow of the Crystals. Ship lock on to the Omega cryst exclusivelyizings. Acknowledged. give tongue to the ship. Its now or never boys. Alpha 2 ready. Alpha 3 locked on. We atomic number 18 waiting on you, alpha 1. Said Steven. Its been nice kno extension ph maven you ladies. node Ill never get that beer after all Steve. Alpha 2 ready. Said Nick. Chris disagreeable his eyes and thought of earth, his family is wife. This is for you Sarah. A tear rolled down his eye. Lets bunk He reached for the throttle stick and pulled. The bombers spread off-key into the darkness. The day was glide slope to an end. To the west as the Santos star descended from the sky, it glowed Red, setting the sky alight with an orangey fire, lightly excel w ith a shimmering yellow. The east was swallowed by the darkness of space, only to be broken by thousands of stars surrounding the Crab Nebular slowly creeping up from the horizon.though it only looked like a smudge in the sky, it was still a breath aking sight. There was a large mountain range to the north, on top out of which stood the twin moons of this unnamed cold, dessert planet. To the far south dark clouds were slow looming upwards, you could hear the wrath of the thunder in the distance. In the middle, at the edge of a small cliff facing the southwest sat a lone man. Like a statue, he sat there cross-legged, without movement, without a sound. His eyes were dictated on the necklace in his hand.He stared at it, watched the light shine of it, it was hitting him in his eye but that didnt really bother him. Chris ey Chris, . No response. CHRIS man Steven exclaimed at point blank. I heard you the first time. Said Chris. He put the bracelet in his shoulder pocket and dusted th e sand off his trousers as he got up. Whats our status? We are ready to go. Youll take lead, while me and Nick will proved cover for you. The bomb is ready, but you will have to release it at full speed other wise it wont work. Chris nodded. Hey listen, I didnt get a chance to say this before, but Im am sorry just about Sarah. We couldnt have known. I know. Thanks. What about the other ships? asked Chris? From Beta wing, two cant take off and the other has lost navigation. Besides theyre rookies, they wouldnt get past the first line. That leaves the four Gamma wing ships. They will hold off the Shivan fighters, so all we have to do is take out the sentries. Besides weve got the element of surprise, they think were all dead. Man, it happened so cursorily If only we had some sort off warning tell Nick. Two wings of fighters Beta and Gamma, and a wing off bombers Alpha had been sent off to destroy, what was thought to be a Shivan supply station.When the ships jumped out of hyper space, they were confronted with not a supply station, but a Shivan attack force which included a tight completed Lucifer class destroyer. The alliance had only two such ships and they were both too far away in other sectors of space where as this one would have been ready in a few days. It was in its most crucial stage, as it was being fitted with omega crystals. Once completed it would be able to take out most of the capital ships in the sector, which would be the turning point in this war, from which the humans could not likely recover.The Omega crystal was most destructive molecule ever constructed and was so unstable that it had to be kept at -1200C. It had the power to destroy a planet within minutes. In theory, if it were to be warmed above -25 degrees it would explode so violently that it would cause a temporary black hole which collapse within a atom off a second. But this would be enough to take out an entire system of planet. The Shivan had been expecting them and as so as they came through the jump entre they exploded bombs around the gate taking out most of the fighters including Alpha 5-Sarah Thomson. The surviving bomber aunched EMP bombs to block the Shivan radar as they escaped to a ripe by planet. The remaining fighters were humanities last hope.Chris were picking up heat signatures from space. We have to leave now said Steven. No send, Gamma wing first. disunite them to go through the jump gate and try to warn the Alliance. Hopeful the fighters will follow them which will gives us a chance to take out the crystals. Replied Chris. Nick went off to tell the others while Chris and Steven got ready. Within a few minutes Gamma wing had taken off and were making a harmonise towards the hyperspace gates.The bate worked, and the Shivan fighters chased after them. The three bombers took off in to space. Warning, core breach, said the ship. Initiating emergency lock down in ten seconds, nine, eig-. Ship, override all emergency protocols. Res ponded Chris. Divert power from weapons to shields and thrusters. Guys Ive got a leak in my system but it should be ok. The computer responded with a beep. Launch the beacon. Again another beep flowed by the sound of the beacon launching. Chris had one last look at the Crab nebular, smiled and then turned his ship into the dark of space.Even from this distance he could see the slight glow of the Crystals. Ship lock on to the Omega crystals. Acknowledged. Said the ship. Its now or never boys. Alpha 2 ready. Alpha locked on. We are waiting on you, alpha 1. Said Steven. Its been nice knowing you ladies. Guest Ill never get that beer after all Steve. Alpha 2 ready. Said Nick. Chris closed his eyes and thought of earth, his family his wife. This is for you Sarah. A tear rolled down his eye. Lock and load, lets go He reached for the throttle stick and pulled. The bombers spread off into the darkness. 40 seconds til Im in range. How we doing boys? asked Chris. Sentries two, fi ve and six are down. You have got clear path alpha one. Take out the crystals and we are out off here. Said Steven. Bad news guys, some of the fighters have doubled back, gamma wing is gone. exclaimed Nick. Contact in fifteen seconds. Alpha two and I will hold them back. Its all up to you now, alpha one. The two fighters broke off Chriss wing to intercept the fighters. In range in five, four, three, two, one fire The bomb glided silently towards its target. Impact in twenty seconds.Hang on guys one coming. Chris turned his bomber around only to see Alpha three get destroyed. The explosion was so split that the shock wave destroyed the ships near it. Ahh, Alpha one engines are down, shields are at 30%. Im going to self-destruct get clear no wait, Chris the bomb, they are going after the bomb Stop them Two fighters had broken off the attack and were going after the bomb. Chris turned to stop them, but one off them rammed the bomb, causing it to explode four second before impac t The shockwave from the bomb obliterated the fighters the two fighters. Ship whats the temperature of the crystals asked Chris. Temperature is minus sixty eight degrees, said the ship.Dame it we were so close, Chris Im going down, Im going down Chris, AL-. Stevens ship exploded. Chris was now alone. Four fighters started two move towards Chriss. There was only one thing go forth to do. Chris powered up his engines. Acknowledged. Said the ship. Thrusters at 130%, shields at 25%. Weapons at 12%. Chris pulled on the throttle stick and the ship propelled forwards. The fighters began to fire on Chris Shield are down to 15% impact in ten seconds, shields are down, structural ntegrity is down to 30%. Impact in five, four Im coming Sarah Two, one, the ship struck the crystals. The impact caused the temperature of the crystals to drop to minus fourteen degrees. The explosion was immensely powerful, but there was no sound. It created a black hole about two hundred million km across. It absorbed everything before collapsing. And then there was nothing. Chris Thomson and his friends died to save billions of lives. No one will know every of this sacrifice. He died for something that he believed in, he died as his friends, as an unsung hero.

‘Everything Grew Larger Than Life in the Steamy Hothouse of Darwin and the People Were No Exception.’ How Important Is Place in This Novel?

Peter Goldsworthys Maestro demonstrates the importance of mount in understanding characters such as the protagonists capital of Minnesota Crabbe and Eduard Keller. Written in a retrospective narrative from capital of Minnesota Crabbes point of view and how the settings of steamy Darwin, suburban Adelaide and hypocritical capital of Austria affected him. Upon moving from Adelaide to Darwin, capital of Minnesota immediately falls in love with the metropolis of booze, blow and blasphemy. Darwin is the backdrop to the sensual addiction Paul develops and feeds his heightened sense as a steamy and lush hothouse.Totally different from Adelaide, Paul thrives in the new setting, as his character develops. Paul meets Keller, the Maestro in Darwin and is fascinated by the first impression Keller leaves upon him. The formal white suit Keller wears contrasts with the Swan, the dark and casual hotel he inhabits, symbolising Kellers alienation in Darwin. Described by Paul as a type of monastery a place for atonement, Darwin and the Swan provide an insight into the Maestros character.To Keller, Darwin symbolises the social and cultural isolation he craves as atonement for the crimes he believed he had committed. Kellers history affects him so deeply he was changed by it, and to Paul he is merely a Nazi. Upon reflecting, Paul found it strange to realise how much he came to love the man, depend on him from his first impressions. As a teacher Keller taught Paul incomplete lessons of melody and life that Paul comes to regret not appreciating. On Pauls final night in Darwin he goes to the Swan with the intention of saying goodby to Keller and then meeting with his girlfriend Rosie.Kellers acceptance of Paul as an important part of his life is symbolised through the new chair and table he has purchased for Paul, finally ready to sh atomic number 18 his mysterious history. However, Paul doesnt realise the confessional for what it was and with the aroused sexual present overwhel ming the past he leaves behind his furrowed teacher. Kellers past and transition in nature from a romantic virtuosos to strict teacher is shown through music and his descriptions of Vienna. After the Nazis rose to power, Keller describes the ballroom of Vienna being turned nto the experimental laboratory for the end of the world demonstrating that Kellers own world ended along with his love of Vienna. Kellers love for his wife Mathilde gave him rubato, and that extra littleness that Paul could never achieve. However, it buoyed his arrogance and belief of his own invulnerability which prevented him from realising the danger his Jewish family were in, in Vienna. To Paul, Vienna represents a European city of culture and music but to Keller it is a reminder of his lost family and regretted choices.Vienna is also the cause of Kellers mistrust and suspicion of beauty, as he says never trust the beautiful is something Paul, as a young and naive man, cant understand. Keller describes Vien na as a veneer, hiding the hypocrisy within in an attempt to teach Paul the lessons he had to learn through awful experiences. Paul and Kellers natures are contrasted by Goldsworthy in Maestro and their similarity is what causes Keller to reach to teach Paul.The confessional that Paul snubbed, a privilege that he failed to realise through selfishness and sensual addiction, was Kellers explanation and he told Paul this as he called pop out I tell you this, not for me, but for you. Pauls rejection of the deep connection he shared with Keller is something he would come to regret as he strove to defy the limits of perfection Keller had shown him. When Paul leaves the setting of Darwin to attend school, he takes an arrogance that let him believe Keller had taught all that was in his power to teach. In comparison to lush Darwin, Melbourne and Adelaide are mundane and suburban and perhaps symbolise the direction Pauls future will take, as he rejected Keller and the incomplete lessons he strove to teach. Paul realises he cant bridge the tragic gulf between talent and genius in his travels of Europe as he disregard Kellers advice of a little hurt now, to save a wasted life. Vienna is a city of culture and music to Paul and the setting is important in understanding how he differs from his mentor, the Maestro.The settings of Goldsworthys Maestro are important in understanding the history and context of each character and their actions. The settings are significant in the novel as they contrast the characters to their surroundings and develop meaning such as Kellers chosen isolation in Darwin. each place in the novel symbolises differences and similarities and Goldsworthy positions the reader to observe the way the character understands and interacts with their surroundings, be it Darwin, Adelaide, the Swan or Vienna.

Multinational Corporation and Country Nationals

In the recent decade, international tender-hearted re solution caution (IHRM) experienced tremendous research growth due to the increase number of organizations begun to extend their businesses into overseas markets. Multinational Corporation (MNC) is the term used to describe a business with overseas operation. Some of the main reasons for the growth of interest in IHRM be 1) the number of MNC has increased with rapid growth of global competition which resulted in increased mobility of human resource. 2) Effective HRM outline has been recognized as determinant of success or failure of organization. ) It is much fractious to exercise control and implementation of corporate strategy over remote subsidiaries with different culture and background. (Fernando, 2006)In this article, we will discuss the difference between international and municipal human resource counseling and the altercates that organization face when selecting, developing, motivating and maintaining the emp loyees for the overseas assignment and how these issues will affect the strategy of the organization. Finally, the article will conclude that IHRM is complex, difficult and critical to global business success. St wholeness, 2008) It faces a dower of challenges as compargond to domestic human resource management mainly due to the geographic dispersion and multiculturalism. Defining International benevolent Resource Management (IHRM) in that respect is no consensus about what the term IHRM covers although most studies in the argona remove traditionally focused on the area of expatriation (Brewster and Harris, 1999). Taylor et al. (1996) pin down IHRM as a range of people management functions, dish outes and activities which involve consideration of more than one national context.Difference between Domestic Human Resource Management and International Human Resouce Management IHRM has similar human resource activities as domestic human resource management except that it is at a gl obal take. Regardless of whether they are specific to one or several countries, the external constraints such as political, legal, economic and cultural idler signifi washbasintly influence the way HR functions are carried out and the HR manager will ingest to plan for the human resources, do acquisition for the right people in the right number at the right time, train and develop, aintain and motivate the employees. As stated by Dowling and Welch (2005), the complexities of operating in different countries and employing different national categories of fetchers are a key inconstant that differentiates domestic and international HRM. Domestic HRM involved employees within only one national boundary while IHRM deals with three national or dry land categories the rise up country where the firm is usually headquartered the host country where a subsidiary may be located and other countries which may be the source of do work, finance or research and knowledge.In addition, there are three types of employees of an international firm rear-country nationals (PCNs) host-country nationals (HCNs) and third-country nationals (TCNs) (Dowling, Welch and Schuler, 1999). Dowling (1988) argues that the complexity of international HRM can be attributed to six factors such as more HR activities the need for a broader perspective more involvement in employees personal lives change in emphasis as the workforce mix of expatriates and locals varies guess exposure and broader external influences.Types of employees Managers can be hired three types of employees parent country nationals host country nationals and third country nationals. Parent country nationals (PCNs) are residents of the international business headquarter who are transferred to one of its overseas operations. Even though communications and coordination with headquarters is typically facilitated when PCNs are employed since they share a greenness culture and education background with headquarter but the nu mber of PCNs employed in an organization is limited.This is due to the high cost in relocating and maintaining them in host country and the lack of knowledge of local laws, culture, economic conditions, social complex body part and political processes. Host country nationals (HCNs) are residents of the host country and are the most popular choice of mid-level and lower-level job. Employing HCNs is popular because they are beaten(prenominal) with local laws, culture and economic. Even though HCNs may be cheaper than PCNs but HCNs may not be familiar with the firms corporate culture nor its business practices.Third country nationals (TCNs) are citizens of neither the headquarter nor of the host country. They are most likely to be employ in upper-level or technical positions. Expatriate Expatriates are people working and residing in countries other than their native country. TCNs and PCNs are collectively cognise as expatriates. memorial tablet usually takes great care in selectin g expatriate as important roles are usually assigned to them and the cost of transferring wrong person overseas is enormous. It is known as expatriate failure when the expatriate return homes before the assignment is completed.The cost of failure would incur direct and indirect cost to the organizations and the expatriate. The indirect be are harder to quantify in money terms and it includes causing the organization to lose its market share and expatriate may lose self-esteem. Dowling & Welch (2005) had concluded that factors chair slaying would include spouse/ partner dissatisfaction inability to adapt difficulties with family adjustment in the new location culture and language difficulties. RecruitmentRecruiting and then deploying people to positions where they can perform effectively is a goal of most organizations whether domestic or international. Recruitment in international context is no easy job. Cross-national differences in work values influence how attractive a firm is perceived to be within any given culture because what individuals want from an employer may set off crossways culture. (Caligiuri, Lepak & Bonache, 2010) Therefore, companies should adopt different sets of selection practice and recruitment message based on the culture of the country they are recruiting.In MNCs, most positions are filled by HCNs as it is cheaper than hiring expatriate and they are more familiar with the local culture, economics and business environment. But it is still common to employ expatriate in management role since they had better understanding of the culture and business background. Expatriate selection is much more difficult than domestic selection. The HR manager may have stringent screening process as these expatriate will be mostly being employ in management level that has greater state for the business.Therefore, only experienced candidates will be selected for overseas assignment. On the other hand, candidates are becoming increasingly selective reg arding their choice of overseas assignment qualification it more difficult for expatriate to be employed. Selection is often conducted through supervisors interview of candidates. With expatriate being employed in management role could mean that they are the ones interviewing the HCNs. In this case, it would be especially challenging as behaviors may be interpreted through a cultural lens system and unintended inferences may be made.Caligiuri, Lepak & Bonache (2010) had concluded that firm that dedicates the time to answer the strategic questions about employee competencies globally and, in turn, effectively selects for them within the various countries where it plumps has a competitive advantage within its global workforce for implementing global business strategy. Training and Development The objective of training and development is to foster learning among the organisational members and to develop enriched and more capable workers, who, in turn, can enhance organizational co mpetitiveness and effectiveness.As compared to domestic organization, multinational organization faces a number of alone(predicate) challenges in training and developing function. This is due to that multinational firms differ in their operations from those of domestic firms in terms of geographic dispersion and multiculturalism. (Adler, 2002) It may be difficult when translating training material therefore it is important to understand the importance of sensitivity to local language and culture. Sims (2002) states that how people learn and the methods of training with which they are comfortable vary across cultures.In order to come upon success in oversea assignment, it is very important to train the employees based on the economics and practices of foreign countries. Dessler G. (2008), concluded that overseas candidate necessary special training like focusing on the impact of cultural differences, provides factual knowledge about the target country and provides learning buildi ng in areas like language and adjustment and adaptation skills. It is very challenging when come to purporting training and development programs for multinational company. A unique training program for each subsidiary is needed based on the country language and culture.Performance Management Performance Management (PM) is a strategic HRM process that enables the immediate supervisor to evaluate the employees job performance and contribution towards the organizations goals and rewards as outcomes of performance evaluation or appraisal. Training and development plan can be derived from PM to enhance the performance of the employees. As is stated by Armstrong (1994), PM involves the links to organizational strategy, setting individual performance goals, providing regular feedback on progress towards those goals, providing opportunities for improving and linking result and rewards.The scope of PM in multinational companies (MNCs) is much broader and complicated that in domestic compani es. This is due to that MNCs operate in many nationals with various types of employee groups. (Scullion H. & Linehan M. , 2005) Generally, an employees performance on the job is affected by their skills, perceptions, relationship with peers and superior, personal values, levels of motivation and commitment, the work environment and the level of challenge assigned to them.In a global context, this multiplicity of factors is further complicated by differences in culture, education, values and long distances between superior and subordinate. Fernando K. V. (2006), had concluded that the challenge of organizations when it comes to performance management is to retain and develop their talent enable the mass majority to perform at their best level align performance at all levels globally to effectively deploy strategy recognize and motivate performance at all levels and help differentiate employee performance.PM in IHRM will require different program and criteria based on the country cult ure to effectively measure the performance of the employees. Simply exporting the head postal service program may end in disaster if it is not culturally sensitive. (Stone, 2008) Compensation Compensation is one of the most important HRM functions. In both IHRM and domestic HRM, allowance has the same common objectives that are to attract and retain the desired quality of employees and motivate employees to improve their performance and contribute their best to help to achieve the organizations business objectives.According to resource-based theory, organizations that effectively apply book compensation policies to maintain and retain knowledgeable and skilled employees can serve to protect this source of sustainable competitive advantage. As is stated by Dowling (1988), the key differences for HRM in MNCs lie in the increased scope perspective and level of involvement required in employees live as well as the level of risk. Compensation in IHRM has the greater risk.The risk incr eased by the complexities of operating within ninefold diverse economic, employment and taxation regimes and through direct and indirect cost inefficiencies associated with international staff transfers and also with the implementation of an international compensation strategy. (Harzing & Ruysseveldt, 2004) In IHRM, the compensation strategy is influenced by a list of internal and external variable. Some of the variables would include (internal) capacity to pay competitive strategy organizational culture (external) labour market characteristics local culture and parent nationality.The most challenging part is to reduce the risk of perceived inequities by maintaining companywide pay scales and policies. By doing so, the organization can ensure that the same job grade will be paid within the same narrow range. Implementing companywide pay scale might not be fair for those who are being transferred to country, like Japan, where the cost of living is higher. One way to handle the probl em is to pay a similar base compensation companywide, and then add on various allowances according to individual market conditions. (Infante V. Determining equitable wage in many countries is no simple depicted object due to the differences in culture and market characteristic. As a result, one of the greatest difficulties in managing multinational compensation is establishing consistent compensation measures between countries. (Dessler, 2008) industrial relations It is difficult to compare industrial relations systems and behavior across national boundaries as national differences in economic, political and legal systems produce markedly different industrial relations systems across countries.Trade unions may limit the strategic choices of multinationals in three ways by influencing wage levels to the extent that cost structure may become uncompetitive by constraining the ability of MNCs to vary employment level at will and by hindering or preventing global integration of the ope rations of multinationals. Trade unions will be able to cause the MNCs to suffer labour cost disadvantages which may narrow their strategic options or caused industrial or political problems. Therefore the HR managers should ensure that the practices adhere to and reinforce strategicHRM objectives and policies and are in harmony with the desired corporate culture, concessions granted in one location do not create damaging precedents for the rest of the organization and ethical and legal obligations are met. (Stone, 2008) MNCs must be well midazolam in international industrial relations and be aware that each industrial relations system is unique in order to translate organizational HRM objectives and policies into appropriate industrial relations practices on a worldwide scale. ConclusionIHRM is the handling of HRM activities at a global level. It is complex, difficult and critical to global business success. (Stone, 2008) It faces a hazard of challenges as compared to domestic hum an resource management mainly due to the geographic dispersion and multiculturalism. Individual business units in various countries may have different HRM strategies due to the different in culture. Although the strategies might be different but somehow it is still intact with the global strategy as define by international business headquarter.With this, the MNCs will have competitive advantage as compared to its competitors who are using HRM strategies at a national level. Challenge increases as they have to handle employees from three different nationals parent country nationals (PCN), host country nationals (HCN) and third country nationals (TCN). Organization takes great care in selecting employees from parent country and third country which is known as expatriate. This is because the failure of the expatriate may cost the organization to lose its market share and the expatriate may lose self-esteem.Training and performance management in IHRM faces a number of unique challenges due to the different in culture. Different program needs to be design for different subsidiary. Simply exporting the head office program may end in disaster if it is not culturally sensitive. (Stone, 2008) Compensation is one of the most important functions. The most challenging part in IHRM is that it needs to reduce the risk of perceived inequities by maintaining companywide pay scales and policies.Various allowances should be added on top of the rudimentary salary especially for those expatriate who are located in countries with higher cost of living. Last but not least, MNCs need to be well versed in international industrial relations in order to translate organizational HRM objectives and policies into appropriate industrial relations practices on a world-wide scale.

The Effects of Preventive and Detective Controls on Employee Performance and Motivation Essay

Organizational behavior is an important aspect of every organization or company since it determines the overall work of an organization. Within every organization, there are certain(prenominal) behaviors which are associated with that dowericular organization. This besotteds that in every company or organization, there are certain behaviors which are considered as the norms of the company and practiced by all employees in the company. Organizational behavior affects how the operations within a company re carried come forward, how customers of the rail line are handled and how the employees within the organization relate with each pother.Q1 One of the justice dimensions which I would flummox applied during a morning briefing with the staffs would be adjectival dimension. Procedural dimension aims at providing the employees with the relevant and sufficient information which they stack also usage to make decisions as well as understand the slope of the company, hear the op inions of the employees and gives room for appeal on the decision of the company (French, 2011). In do decisions, it is important to have all stakeholders understand and get involved in advance the final decision is made. Andrea should be honest with the staffs and provide them, with full information on the downsizing, give them a chance to express their view.Explaining to the staffs why the company has interpreted such measures trhough a procedural manner is important because the employees testament feel valued. The implication of being guarded with information will generate distrust among the employees since they will non be able to understand why the decision was made. If Andrea uses procedural dimension, the ethical implication is that the relationship between the employees and the company will remain upstanding (French, 2011). There will be trust from the employees as well as avoid conflict as a result of the decisions. It will show representation, consistency, the true a s well as eliminate bias.Q2 Based on justice and ethics discussions, the advice that would be appropriate for Andrea to take in terms of fashioning use of a bigger budget for compensation would be that she should make gradual changes. Employee motivation is an important aspect for the success of any organization and must be handled with care (Njoroge, & Yazdanifard, 2014). The employees should non be offered a short-term retention bonus nor a permanent raise. By giving the employees a permanent raise, it will mean that one command of the employees will have been met hence the level of motivation may decrease with magazine. However, if offered the short-term retention bonus the employees will be actuate for a short while until the requirement is met.Therefore, based on Maslows Hierarchy of needs theory, when one need is satisfied, one moves to the next need until all needs in the hierarchy are met it would be advisable to have the funds used in supporting changes in work str ucture. This can be done for the staffs that have a workload that is expanded (Phillips, & Gully, 2012). Offering a bonus or a permanent raise does not form the problem of work load hence it is ethical to solve the issue of work load through a peeled work structure for the employees. The short-term, retention bonus and the permanent raise will only help to motivate the employees for a short-while but what will have a lasting impression is devising changes that will lighten the workload for the employees.It is not ethical to raise the salaries of the employees while the working conditions are not satisfactory. This will mean that one of the needs of the employees is not met if short-term bonuses and the permanent raise are provided under the same work conditions. Therefore, it is important that Andrea applies the four-component model and the three concepts that are involved in ethical decisions making (Nelson, & Quick, 2012). The decision should be based on moral awareness of the situation that the employees are undergoing due to the workload. In addition to that, the concept of moral judgment and moral intent should form the basis of the final decisions on changing the work-place structure for the benefit of all the employees using the funds available.Q3 Andrea has to make a decision on corporate trust the staffs so that they can work together and share the work load although it has been observed that there are those that will have to do much than others (Chung Hee, & Scullion, 2013). The staffs have the free-will to choose the amount of work load they would like to add hence there is need to be careful with the way Andrea works out the whole process of combine. The theory applicable and suitable for this situation is the theory of Job Characteristics theory (Schermerhorn, 2012). This theory explains that employees consider jobs to be enjoyable when the tasks involved in the job are more challenging and provide them with a feeling of fulfillment.From t he case study, it can be noted that there are tasks which will need to be undertaken even by staffs that have not been performing them, hence this will present a argufy for those that will take up the tasks. The challenge of the tasks and the fulfillment that the staffs will gain from carrying out the tasks will act as the motivating factors towards them combining their areas of work. On the motivational factors that Andrea would require top apply when combining the staffs, there will be need to consider factors such as recognition, arrive atment, responsibility as well as growth of the employee and their career advancement. These factors as have been identified by Herzbergs Two-factor theory explain that employees that obtain the above mentioned factors are likely to be motivated in their performance (Christ, Emett, Summers, & Wood, 2012). This case of combining the staffs will mean taking on some different roles and duties, therefore, these factors will contribute towards the su ccess of the whole process within the firm.The satisfaction in the new versions will be provided by ensuring that the employees are properly recognized for their performance. Furthermore, it would advisable for Andrea to ensure that there are plans for the advancement of the employees as well as their person-to-person growth in their new job versions (Chao-Chan, & Na-Ting, 2014). It is important that the employees should grow with the company and see some changes in their career, something which will help in bringing satisfaction in their new roles. McClellands Acquired Needs theory observes that employees seek for achievement in what they do. What this means is that when the employees take up the new roles within the company, they aim to achieve something in the long run. Therefore, to ensure that the employees are satisfied in their new roles, it will be important to ensure that they have been accorded the necessary help and aid which will enable them gain some achievement.Q4 When employees are given voice, there are various benefits which an organization or company is able to realize in the short and long run. As the company, Blaze, transitions from its old operations to its new normal it would important that Andrea gives the staffs a voice and allow them to be part of the decision making process (Christ, Emett, Summers, & Wood, 2012). The employees should be given a voice in routine operations that closely affect their work as well as on matters that deal with staff welfare. One thing that has been observed as the impact of giving employees a voice is organizational commitment. This means that employees would want to remain part of the company and continue to provide their services. When Andrea gives a voice to the employees in matters pertaining to the routine operations in the company, it will motivate the employees to want to stick around since they know they can be heard and that they are important within the company (Nelson, & Quick, 2012).The Job Characteristics theory applies in this case with regard to critical psychological states. The employees However, staffs should not be given voice in sensitive matters of the organization. The employees are not permanent in the company, meaning they can leave employment any time that they feel they want to leave or in case there is an issue that results in their dismissal. Mitigation would involve allowing voice to the employees in matters that are not sensitive.ReferencesChao-Chan, W., & Na-Ting, L. (2014). Perceived Organizational Support, Organizational Commitment and Service-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behaviors. International Journal Of Business & Information, 9(1), 61-88.Christ, M. H., Emett, S. A., Summers, S. L., & Wood, D. A. (2012). The Effects of Preventive and Detective Controls on Employee Performance and Motivation. Contemporary story Research, 29(2), 432-452. doi10.1111/j.1911-3846.2011.01106.xChung Hee, K., & Scullion, H. (2013). The effect of Corporate S ocial Responsibility (CSR) on employee motivation A cross-national study. Poznan University Of Economics Review, 13(2), 5-30.French, R. (2011). Organizational behaviour. Hoboken, N.J Wiley.Nelson, D. L., & Quick, J. C. (2012). Organizational behavior Science, the real world, and you. Mason, Ohio South-Western.Njoroge, C., & Yazdanifard, R. (2014). THE IMPACT OF brotherly AND EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION IN A MULTIGENERATIONAL WORKPLACE. International Journal Of Information, Business & Management, 6(4), 163-170.Phillips, J., & Gully, S. M. (2012). Organizational behavior Tools for success. Mason, OH South-Western Cengage Learning.Schermerhorn, J. R. (2012). Organizational behavior. Hoboken, N.J Wiley.Source document

Information Technology logical security Essay

Logical knowledge security is the guarding of information against unauthorized bother while at the same time making sure that their integrity is guaranteed. If logical security is position down in a shoddy way, therefore it would cause risks and its vulnerability may lead to the compromise of the selective information. System intrusion is one of the vulnerabilities for logical IT security. Softw atomic number 18 bugs may not all be eliminated by system administrators or programmers (Perry, 2006). The intruders therefore use the bugs to find holes and hack into system computers or server computers.These bugs can be in the form of buffer overflows, unconsidered inputs, and race conditions. Buffer overflows attack is extra information that can overwrite the actual data in the buffer and this data could be degrading the data integrity of the actual data. Race conditions attack is multiple processes admission price and use same data concurrently and end result is that one process may lose copying correct data since the other process may have changed the data. A system configuration is another(prenominal) issue that normally forms another form of system intrusion.Most systems have default manufacturers configurations. Customers find it easy to use since root/administrator crys argon usually empty/blank. If administrators overlook re-configuration of access keep in lines, then the system can be intruded into even through with(predicate) the earnings. With the advent of technologies that can eavesdrop at the moving traffic, there has been the creation of sniffer software which are use to monitor the traffic. Sniffing unsecured traffic is poison for logical security.A sniffer can in any case be used legitimately or illegitimately to view data transmitted on a network. It can be illegitimately used when the network router reads data packets then de confinesining its intended destination in the network. A router may have a sniffer program that reads data in the packet and can see its source and destination then sends it to unintended destinations imputable to intrusion mechanisms in the network much(prenominal)(prenominal) as use of software bugs. Control on key directories for data should be factored in access standards to forfend unauthorized access.Limiting or eliminating access to everyone is important therefore restricting use of removable media such as flash disks and floppy disks for confidential information (Cole, & Krutz, 2005). Data integrity should be observed to ensure information stored is as original especially through performing synchronization from time to time to lay down care of bugs such as race conditions. Confidential information should be encrypted especially that which is sensitive and so done appropriately.Forgetting to back-up and store data on a regular schedule would run organization into crisis especially if the computer system breaks down, especially if the hard disk holding the crucial data crashes. Ou tput devices such as scanners and printers on the network assigned for confidential information should at all time be under monitor by use of monitoring utility software. Software for local systems should be legal. Vendors face the risk of software piracy for example illegal copying of their software. Organizations should ensure that they install software that has been licensed. accredited software is beneficial since their updates and patches could easily be attained from the Internet (Perry, 2006). Open source software give exploiters advantage of exploitation them at their own governing body since they are freeware and dont require license to install them. Their safety is questionable and may not be guaranteed, they could be prone to bugs as they are easily customizable. Pirated operating systems which access the Internet are dangerous and pose danger to the applications installed on it. Such systems can be in risk of macrocosm virus infected or may acquire worms and Trojans. Therefore organizations should ensure licenses bought are used for the OS and renewal of the licenses done at end of term for each license, this then exit allow recommended updates and patches for the operating system (Cole, & Krutz, 2005). Building security levels on user data is crucial since it ensures confidentiality and integrity of sensitive data. The contrary levels would be such as access to workstations and desktop applications, access to computer servers and data, access to business bespoke applications.Access built only for authenticated persons using password and IDs. Password policies should be in place such as allowing strong passwords of more than six characters, allow changing password on on a regular basis basis say after 3 months, one password per one user ID. Password sharing among employees could cause malicious use of a users account by another user and this will be untraceable and unsuitable, users should therefore be formally notified their role in user ID a nd password protection for their user accounts. mesh security attack is common in the cyber cafes and computer systems always accessing the Internet. Some of the HTTP (Hyper Text Transport protocol) vulnerabilities include cross-site scripting attacker gains control of the scripts location header and redirects the scripts. The second HTTP vulnerability is the web cache poisoning that allows attack websites visited by many users (Contos, Crowell, Derodeff, & Cole, 2007). The attacker redirects the URL of the website to the IP address of his computer.Web vulnerability is the cross-user defacement attacks where a website maybe seen defaced by a user and at this time attacker is stealing or re redressting cookies sessions. Network infrastructure laid without software firewalls spell doom for logical security in the network. This is so because intruders can use software for maliciousness such as phishing where the attacker or program successfully masquerades as another by falsifying data and to the recipient the site appears as genuine but then the attacker will then manipulate or steal recipients credentials such as login details or financial information.This kind of masquerade is also called spoofing (Hoffer, Prescott, & McFadden, 2008). Local systems that have their firewalls disabled on system services provided by Operating systems such as Microsoft windows is a threat to security. All the time, firewalls should be set to enabled state and exceptions created for required software applications in the network. Viruses are programs or codes that can alter other programs functionality or render another program useless.Inadvertently going away virus infected computer systems still connected on the network pose danger of infecting other computer systems in the same network through self-propagating viruses or Trojans or worms. Viruses can also be attained through e-mails. Some chain e-mails sent to users have attachments that have viruses attached to them. They infect a computer system once they are opened or downloaded to the computer hard disk. Distribution of such viruses could also be through the same network and media devices such as external hard disks and flash disks.Repudiation is the situation where one is able to deny being partisan to information manipulation. This is vulnerable for the data confidentiality and integrity of information. The best way to guarantee perpetrators dont walk scot free is by ensuring data access controls are well defined such as event logs for applications and strong holding policies such as one user password per one user ID, remote monitoring the network activities and data sent and received and saving security logs for local system among other policies very important for non-repudiation.

Nec Electronics Corporation (Nece) Case Study Essay

INTRODUCTIONIn early July 2007, the New York base hedge fund Perry Capital proposed to raise its empale in necrotizing enterocolitis Electronics Corporation (NECE), the and then publicly listed subsidiary of lacquerese conglome swan, NEC Corporation, from 4.8 percent to 25 percent. The offering was 5,000 a share, at about 60 percent premium. Perrys enthronization in NECE traced back to late 2005, the year its first exposure to Asian merchandises, with the initial investment toll at around 3,200 a share. Perry believed the intrinsic nurse of NECE was to loosen after restructuring its business strategy, albeit NECE was anticipate a vent in FY2005. This paper studies the investment of Perry Capital in NECE, and particularly looks at Perrys cipheration to amplify its stake in NECE to 25% at that time.INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES IN japanAs shown in Exhibit 1, the long-lasting deflationary Japanese economy since 1997 probably comes to an end with its CPI rebounded from negative in 2006. At the same time, Bank of Japan has loosed its monetary policy by raising the interest rate senior higher up zero since 2006. These two data suggest that Japanese economy is pending an exit from the lost decade. Looking at the Nikkei 225 index shown in Exhibit 2, the optimistic trend since 2003 shows the investors are optimistic towards companies future earnings. The improving market sentiment stems from the amelioration of Japanese economy, with its GDP growth rate has become positive since 2000, as shown in Exhibit 3. Moreover, Japans export industries declare been per giveing well repayable to its weak currency. Perrys investment in NECE coffin nail be a sensible move as Japan is one of the leading countries in producing innovative technological convergences. In 2007, Japanese high-tech products secure a significant market share in the world.These industries include automobile, IT, communications, mechanism and robot, new materials, etc. In addition, Japanese fi rms allocate significant amount of resources in their product R&D area, the efforts paid in improving product quality and promoting innovation enhance Japanese firms competitive strength overtime. Essentially, Perrys investment ism is looking at the fundamental of the political party, building good relationship with the management, investing in good company, and possibly keeping its portfolio beta at a substantially low level. As Perrys portfolio has been performing well since its inception, the venture into Japanese market is compliant with its investment strategy, where stocks in Japanese market produce undeviating streams of cash flow, and more than importantly, there are valu fitting cheap stocks to pick in Japanese market, these characteristics are aligned to Perrys taste.CHALLENGES TO INVEST IN JAPANThe first time venture suggests Perry is novel to the Japanese market. As the probability of success of Perrys investment in NECE highly depends on the assumption do to restr ucture NECEs business division, Perry must convince the parent company NEC to share its vision. Agency worry would be a potential challenge for Perry to maintain a good relationship with NEC. As the subsidiary entrust become a separate entity from its parent company upon listing, it is questionable whether the parent company go away longer treat the two different entities equivalently. For instance, will the parent company shift the sledding-making divisions to its subsidiary, which then can help the parent company to nominate rid of injury at the expense of its subsidiarys pecuniary report?Furthermore, Japans system of corporate governance is said lacks of in force(p) protection to nonage shareholders. Controlling shareholders in Japan are not required to prove that their dealings with the company are sportsmanlike, and self-dealing is not formally delineate by law. Furthermore, in Japanese model of stakeholder capitalism, management could be entrusted to safeguard the i nterest of a range of key shareholders, rather than focusing more narrowly on maximizing returns to shareholders, which might weaken minority shareholders power in deciding an important issue.FUNDAMENTAL VALUE OF NEC ELETRONICS CORPORATIONPerry team make a few assumptions to assess NECE in early 2006. Since the exact date of evaluation is not clearly stated in the case, we will first evaluate NECE at 2007 based on the assumptions made and then apply the same methodology to other years. Team Perry utilize an approach that employed EBITDA multiples for each share MCU, CCD and Communications. We use the information from exhibit 7 and exhibit 8 to infer the fundamental value from 2004 to 2007 and future. We then make inference on value of NECE based on 03/2006 and 03/2007 values. Note that information from exhibit 6 and 8 are from 2007. Fundamental Value of NECE at 03/2007Assumptions used in valuing MCU divisionI. MCU is able to crack the average EBIT margins of comparable firms, wh ich is 17.70%. II. 15% of the 83 billion depreciation cost is attributed to MCU for the next few years. III. A conservative approach of 9 clock EBITDA multiples is used.Assumptions used in valuing CCD divisionI. EBIT margins of the remaining business are 5%. II. 45% of the 83 billion depreciation cost is attributed to MCU for the next few years. III. 7 times of the EBITDA multiples is used.Assumptions used in valuing communications divisionI. EBIT margins could be negative. II. To avoid want, exiting this line is an attractive option. III. Estimated cost of exit at most 100 billion.The fundamental value of NECE on 03/2007 is the summation of each divisions fundamental valueNote that the Fundamental value is higher from year 2005 to 2007 except year 2004. paygrade ON ASSUMPTIONS USEDThe first assumption expects MCU would be able to match the EBIT margins of comparable firms. However, there is a man-sized dispersion in the EBIT margins among the comparable firms. The large differe nce of EBIT margins surrounded by the comparable firms could suggests that the cost differential coefficients are significant among these firms. Indeed, the uneven distribution of EBIT margins among comparable firms could also because of the small number of sample size used, which in turn soften the estimation power of this assumption. The second assumption is to give the CCD EBIT margins of 5%. However, as the average EBIT margins of the comparable firms is around 16%, with the range between 7.3% to 42.3%, Ercils might probably be too conservative than he should in valuing the CCD segment in NECE.Moreover, Ercil also assumes that he will be able to exit the communication segment at a cost less than 100b which is again a conservative estimation as mentioned in the case. Given the above these assumptions made by Ercil, it seems that he is a conservative investor who prefers to take conservative valuation in his investment discretion. Though his conservatism might make the estimated NECE fair value become less attractive, his prudent investment strategy could probably in turn safeguard his clients money in any unfavorable event. under shows some assumptions made by Ercil that are reasonable. First, instead of using 11x EBITDA multiples to value NECEs MCU segment, Ercil used a lower of 9x EBITDA multiples. This assumption is definitely acceptable as it is in line with Perry teams prudent investment strategy. In addition, the depreciation cost allocation made by Ercil seems reasonable. Ercil allocated 45% of depreciation cost into the communications segment, as there was a significant amount of capex used to build the plant in Yamagata in the recent past.Based on Ercils assumptions we manage to breakdown NECE balance sheets based on its divisions. This activity exemplifys that the EBIT margin estimates are consistent with exhibit 8 and has no mathematical or financial discrepancies in terms of amount allocated to each sectors. EBIT margin for communications seg ment is indeed negative for year 2007 based on Ercils assumption. We observe high expense in communications area possibly due to expropriation of NECE by its parent company, NECE that will be discussed below.POTENTIAL AGENCY PROBLEM ON NECEs MARKET VALUEOur case analysis assumes that market is efficient, implicating that outsider anticipate potential post problem within NECE. Besides demanding fair return on their capital, controlling shareholders should ultimately bear all agency costs they create. This is consistent with the journal Agency Costs, Mispricing and Ownership Structure by Sergey, Fritz and Greenwood (Sergey Chernenko, 2010), whereby the case of NECE is used to illustrate the impact of agency cost on market value. Agency problems in subsidiary-parent relationships could stem from 3 scenarios I. Related party transactions Based on the journal, avocation NECE listing in 2003, the development of microchips for NECs phone brought in excessively high capital expenditures a nd research and development expenses to NECE. Following it was the low broadcast prices to the parent company, NEC. This is due to the weak fiduciaries duties law on company in the interest of minority shareholders.II. Usurped business opportunities Indirect influence of parent company on their subsidiaries such as continuing a business venture that profits the parent despite the subsidiaries making losses make it hard to be detected. In particular, NECE incurred excessive R&D cost and capital expenditures to enhance NEC competitive topographic point in the market. III. Minority squeeze outs- Cash-out merger is an example of minority investors being squeezed out.NEC bought back NEC System Technologies 20 months after listing it, evidently showing NECs involvement in this form of related party transaction. Based on the journals samples, Investors who bought the subsidiaries share upon listing sold their shares back to the parent during repurchase at a loss of 39% to 71%. Therefore, in perfectly efficient market, minority shareholders fully anticipate agency problems. If controlling shareholder is expected to divert resources, the market will price the equity accordingly (lower) than in the scenario where agency problem is absent. One caveat is that, investors might not be fully informed (market is not on the whole efficient) that in turn creating incentive for agency problems.PROSPECTS OF NECEThe fundamental value of NECE is severely undervalued compared to its market value in 2007 this might be due to the agency problem that persisted between NEC-NECE. We conclude that NECE is a potential lucrative investment if Ercil is able to remove the communications segment and thereby removing the potential agency problem in NECE. Nevertheless, the reluctance of NEC to remove the communications segment and the weak protection of minority interest in Japan cast shadow on the prospects on NECE. Worsening the situation, NECE was nearly delisted in 2007, implying that liq uidity could have drastically decreased. Note that also the MCU and Other Divisions remains relative stable (slight increase) over the projection years.historic Performance of Publicly Listed Subsidiaries of Parents in Japan Our findings are consistent with the data given in Exhibit 4. If market is efficient, the incentives for parent company to list its subsidiaries cabbage either when the market value of subsidiaries is overpriced upon listing or if the parent companys internal capital is inadequate to fund attractive investment opportunities. In the case NECE, the former scenarios seem to be more plausible as according to the graph above. This could lead to drop in future market performance as market absorbs more information.Source http//www.nber.org/papers/w15910According to Fritz (2010), the negative performance of listed subsidiaries over the first 36 months avocation IPO can be seen via industry adjusted returns of -6.2%,-13.43% and -13.98% over the one-,two- and three year horizons after IPO. This is again consistent with the case of NECE. Both subsidiaries with ex ante scope for agency problem (such as sales relationship) and those where parent has retained little equity despite substantial control over its subsidiaries illustrated poorer performance. On top of that, a coarse portion of listed subsidiaries were subsequently repurchased by their parent at a discount to the IPO price. The historical performance of publicly listed subsidiaries of parents is consistent with the case of NECE. In this case, NEC hold 20% of NECE total equity but have significant control over NECE operations and sales. This leads to expropriation of minority shareholders and lower market price following IPO.A FEASIBLE STRATEGY FOR PERRY TEAMThere are three options for Perry team to increase its stake in NECE with the expectation that NEC management will eventually share Perrys vision to dispose the communications segment to arrange for possible merger and acquisition for N ECE to exit the investment in NECE. To consider the action on the $150 million position in NECE, Ercil is likely to expect the maximum likelihood among these three scenarios. The first option is essentially the proposed change magnitude stake in NECE by Perry in the case. However, this move requires substantial amount of capital to fund the investment the investment does not necessarily realize Perrys objective to dispose NECEs communications division as NEC will still be the largest shareholder in NECE. Since the investment in NECE in 2006, Perry team has been approaching NEC and asking for NECE business restructuring, the two parties have yet reached a consensus about the issue.It seems that NEC executives are unlikely to change their position in the future as well. The second option is to create a proxy fight for possible takeover or merger of NECE. The biggest impediment in this strategy is the same as the first strategy the parent company NEC is retention a controlling amoun t of 70 percent stake its subsidiary, proxy fight might be too costly to execute. Furthermore, it is generally believed this strategy is far from reality because a hostile acquisition for NECE would significantly bankrupt the business relationship between the acquirer firm and the giant conglomerate, NEC. In addition, it is the time where Tokyo Stock Exchange is placing NECE on a watchlist for possible delisting due to its concentrated ownership structure.For Perry team, unwinding the 5 percent stake (or more if either option 1 or option 2 is adopted) in NECE would mean more difficult after delisting. Perry needs to find a potential buyer for the whole or portion its retentivitys in NECE. Exit strategy implies to realize the loss in this investment. Suppose Perry bought NECE stocks at an average price of 3,200 per share, NECE share price is around 2,900 per share in July 2007, which means Perry will record a loss of about 10 percent in its investment in NECE. As NECE has been reco rded loss during Perrys investment period, this small 10 percent loss may in turn support the immediate exit strategy, so as to minimize the loss because NECEs business prospects are full of uncertainties. back GLOBAL ECONOMIC CONDITIONBefore making the final decision among the above three options, Ercil will definitely examine the current international economic condition. Generally speaking, if the global market sentiment is positive, it may worth for a riskier investment strategy to seek for higher return. On the contrary, higher return investment securities such as equities markets are usually too risky to attract capital inflow. As government bonds are deemed safe haven for investors, bonds yield yield can give some signal about the likelihood of future economic condition.Ercil examine the U.S. government bonds yield curves and TED spread at that time. It is observed that the T-bills have begun to deviate downward from T-bonds since Q1/2007 (Exhibit 5). Soon after July 2007, TED spread begins to rise (Exhibit 6). The declining short term T-bills yield suggests the investors become cautious and allocate their money in the bonds market. The change magnitude TED spread may infer the condition of liquidity shortage in the market, where lenders require higher returns for lending out their money. According to bonds yield equation preceding Rate=Expected Discount Rate Tomorrow+Liquidity PremiumAs TED spread implies liquidity premium becomes dearer, the declining T-bills yield is attributed to the expected fall in future interest rate in the U.S. market. Simply saying, market anticipates a loosening monetary policy adopted by the Federal Reserve.RECOVER divergence JPY/USD EXCHANGE RATE INCREASEWhile the exit strategy might be a better move after looking at global market sentiment, Ercil will consider whether he should immediately convert the JPY to USD. As exchange rate action is closely related to interest rate movement between two countries, it is observed that Japans interest rate is at 0.50% (Figure 1) while U.S. interest rate is around 5% (Exhibit 7). The huge differential between the two countries interest rate infers the potential gain from going against USD. In addition, given the interest rate parity condition in Forex market, the expected decrease in U.S. interest rate (as the declining yields curves suggest) will probably result in the appreciation of JPY against USD, as shown in Figure 8.In conclusion, if there could be a potential gain from holding JPY against USD, which can in turn recover some of the loss from Perrys investment in NECE. By holding JPY, Ercil probably can go for his conservative investment strategy by buying fixed income securities, gold and other safer investment assets, or just holding cash. If JPY/USD does not perform as what Ercil predicted, he will only face one side risk (the continual increase in U.S. interest rate that further pumps up USD/JPY) but is protected from the continual decline of JPY (a s Japans interest rate is near zero that means Bank of Japan is effectively powerless in pushing down its interest rate).

Evolution and Stages of Development of Self-Managed teams Essay

One of the most effective means of extracting the unutilized portion of the health cargon industry has been the self-managed team. This has been a recently identified area, and healthcare organizations are beginning to use it for their advantage in improving the health outcomes of the patients. Self-managed teams are also known as self-directed teams, natural teams, or semiautonomous teams. They are a meeting of employees that have to do daily responsibilities along with managing themselves.They would get along several tasks including managing work responsibilities, planning, problem solving, decision-making, scheduling the work, etc. The self-management teams would be having several characteristics including interacting with other working groups, responsibility providing the services, performing interdependent activities and managing the operations of the team (Schrubb, 1992 & Silverman, 1996). The basic evolution of a self-managed team occurs in five stages. Zawacki and Norman f ramed this in the year 1994. With a different situation arising due to the workflow, the team can revert to an earlier situation.A self-managed team would be having several roles to play with semblance to patient care, and each of these roles would be in one of the seven stages of culture. It is important to note that each of these roles played by the team members, would be in any of the seven stages of team relegatement. The stages of self-managed team development include In the first stage, when the team is new and do not know the skills and the knowledge of the work, a loss leader who is familiar with the work processes and competent with the work skills, would be providing supervision and would train the staff to perform the daily tasks.The leader once actually trains the staff members to perform the tasks, slowly shifts his role from a supervisor to a film director. He would now be slowly managing the activities of the team. Slowly the manager would begin to coordinate a ll the activities of the team. He/she would be training the staff members to perform tasks that would involve leading the lower staff members. Most of the members of the team take up certain responsibilities concerned with management. The manager acts as an interface between the self-managed team and the administration or the portfolio management.Slowly the manager of the team becomes an additional resource that would not only perform the tasks that the members of the group would be performing, but would also be invoked in interacting with the administration (Silverman, 1996). It is important that the organization moves thought all these stages in the self-management development process. The specific reasons for having a self-management development process include To ensure that the patient is satisfied with the treatment To ensure that the team members get the feedback directly from the customers rather than from the managers and the supervisors.This would help the team to continu ously develop over a period of time. The customer satisfaction levels would improve with time. To ensure that further responsibilities and roles for the staff members are incorporated in an appropriate manner. The organization, which has dynamic objectives, is subject to function better if self-managed teams are existent. The managers and the supervisors, who play an important role guiding the staff members, can be utilized to engage in growth-related activities of the origination (Silverman, 1996).

Why War Is Necessary

For as far thorn as mankind dates back in its existence, there has always been and always lead be war. brisks report all throughout the world holds numerous acts of war dating all the way back to the earliest years of civilization, up until regular(a) straight offs most recent problems. I believe war is a staring(a)ly essential action, especially when a hostile force makes unjustifiable attacks that tack together the safety of our demesne at jeopardy. This does not mean that e real issues solution has to be war. Simply, this means you deserve to be able to encourage yourself against a bully.Of course there will always be the thought of being able to cash in one(a)s chips in peace and harmony, further is that a realistic goal? There will always be bad guys with guns who wont take no for an answer. When an aggressor starts a conflict, you stick out make the choice to any defend what is yours by fighting back or you can surrender to their demands. I shit worked backbr eaking for the social functions I require, and if going to war means protecting what is right indeed by all means, it is justified. the States is the land of the free, and home of the brave.We ease up come a long ways to become what we be now. Our coun interpret provides everyone with freedom and equal opportunities. There is no dictator to force us into living a true way, the people got to make the choice in who they want to lead us. Freedom is a wonderful thing to have, and there should be no conclude wherefore another country should be allowed to get in the way of that. If a hostile country starts to push us around and become a speak to our freedom, we inquire to push back or else they just might take it from us.Look back on what happened celestial latitude 7, 1941, Sudden and unexpected attacks on Pearl Harbor, Honolulu, and other United States possessions in the Pacific early yesterday by the japanese air force and navy plunged the United States and Japan into active war. (ny times article) Japan landed a surprise attack on American soil. If war is an unnecessary action then how are we supposed to know that more attacks, just like the ones that happened at Pearl Harbor, wont pass? If we dont flex back and show our real strength and muscle of this great country then we are just sitting ducks waiting to be spotted.Nobody is going to pick on someone that they know can defend and protect themselves. A common point made by those who are against war is that it will make our bad economy even worse. I really dont see how that could become an issue fetching into account that to go to war food, ammunition, weapons, gear, and a whole lot of other stuff is going to be purchased. Obviously the government is going to have to spend money to acquire these things, alone in debate wont that give more job opportunities from increased production withdraws from all the companies that make what our soldiers need?At first a giant portion of money will be used up , but when the companies begin hiring more workers, then those workers will spend there money in other places on other necessities which in the long run starts a cycle of stimulation within our economy. If there is an fitting amount of demand in a company, then there can only be an qualified amount of employees. But if that same company keeps getting more demand of their products, then they will have to hire more people to meet those demands.Frederic Bastiat, a french economist, was very well known for adit of this idea through the parable The Broken Window which is a detonate of his essay What Is Seen and What Is not Seen. A part of the broken window parable includes, Its an ill wind that blows nobody some healthy. Such accidents keep pains going. Everybody has to make a living. What would become of the glaziers if no one ever broke a window? (That Which is Seen, and That Which is Not Seen) In this, he illustrates how destruction can have a positive effect on society.In this e ssay, he proves a very beneficial point that destruction might not be a good thing for whoever has to conciliate for the initial damages, but if things were to never get broken or need to be replaced, how would money be made to be spent in other places? Everyone needs to make a living somehow. Whether it happens to be your son accidentally breaking your window with a baseball or even something as bad as a hostile nation delivering a surprise attack which results in war, the unintended consequences that happen everyday are what help to create the opportunities of work that pay for us to survive.The link amid war and engine room has always been impeccably close. N each of them would be successful without the support from the other. That is why if war wasnt necessary, then a lot of todays modern technology wouldnt even be invented yet. The outcome of having technology that is old and outdated, instead of having the latest technological breakthrough in your militarys equipment has a high potential that could very well cost you the war. Over and over again, our report proves that the biggest advances in technological growth have been a result of warfare.A perfect example of this statement would be how the invention of the tank in the first earthly concern War helped Britain achieve victory. In this war, the introduction of the machine gun made it possible to kill large amounts of soldiers at ease which had forced combat on both sides into trench warfare. In order for either side to advance forward, their only choice was to charge straight into rows of machine guns that were just waiting to mow all of them down.In desperate need of some way to cross through the no mans land between the two sides, attention was brought to the idea of an armored vehicle with all terrain capabilities able to handle driving across the trenches. Armored vehicles had been made before but they were built only to handle normal terrain, so the British created the first armored vehic le that could handle the muddy terrain of the trenches giving them the upper hand later on that lead to their victory in WWI.This makes it very clear that war does help advance the progression of our technology, because if we didnt need a way to get through the rough terrain of the trenches, the tank wouldnt have been able to start transfer the mechanized warfare era. Frequently it get brought up that it is bad to use our resources to develop and test new technologies. How are we supposed to compete against other countries who are developing their technologies just as fast as us if we dont spend the money on researching and testing new materials?If you think about it though, it is worth having to pay a little extra money to keep your country as safe as possible. spay is a good thing that everyone can benefit from. In an interview with author P. W. Singer, he explains how the militarys evolved technologies have changed how war is fought. After being asked how the society of mankind has been help from advancements, he answers, No technology is good or bad. Is your toaster evil? Your computer? A Predator drone? Theyre all technologies, and what weve seen throughout history is that war rises technological growth.During wartime we see a massive investment in research and development, and a large amount of human ingenuity applied to the creation of deadly devices. But the creation of these devices can have a ripple effect throughout society. For example, without the V-2s that devastated European cities we probably wouldnt have the Saturn V rocket that helped put humans on the moon. (Military Analyst Interview) He proves to us just how war has given a jump-start in the overall growth. If it werent for all the advances in war technologies over the years, a lot of the things we have today probably wouldnt even exist yet to us.George Washington once said, To be prepared for war is one of the most effectual means of preserving peace. Putting an end to war would be a wonderful solution, but in reality, it will never happen. There is no doubt that war is evil, but it is a necessary evil. It is necessary because it defends our freedom. I love my country, I love my family, I love how my life is now and if anyone wants to try and take that away from me or change that, it gives us the right to protect ourselves.There should be no reason for us to live in fear of some dictator, we have made America what it is today and what we have, more other other countries dont. When war becomes the necessary solution to a problem, sure there will be some problems that come along with it but there will never be a perfect solution. Even an ugly thing like war can have its beauties. It stimulates the countries economy, protects our individual freedom, and can learn with it new technologies that can help make our everyday lives easier.

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Seen in Advertisements

Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of Needs is a important aspect to appreciation a company to implement the proper marketing methods. Seeing the consumers deprivations will allow the institution to appeal to that need. Maslows Hierarchy of Needs starts with the most basic physiological needs, followed by safety, social, self esteem, and top with self-actualization needs in ascending order (Tanner, 2011). The physiological and safety needs tend to be to a greater extent tangible or sustainable.While the center levels may have more of an emotional or intellectual payoff. Then the peak or self actualization is more transformational or even spiritual mind-set (Conley, 2007). looking for at each make knownment you can tell the marketer is benevolent to societys needs as humans. This is beca give society is stimulated for disappointment if their expectations or needs argon not met (Conley, 2007). Looking at the Pepsi commercial, they are addressing the social needs of humans (Blink967, 20 07).The young boy enters the monastery looking for acceptance, he goes by dint of years of training eventually mastering monasticism. Then the entire monastery pulls out Pepsis and drinks the whole can. at once the young boy sees the foreheads of all other monks, he smashes the can with his forehead becoming a unbowed member of the monastery. Pepsi petitions the humanistic needs in everyone to be feel accepted, loved, and befriended by others with this commercial (Tanner, 2011). Volkswagen implores a need for safety.In their commercial they go even further in protecting ones manifestation in a humorous way. It features a young family who is taking their newborn baby from the hospital to his theatre for the first time. As he is put comfortably in a Volkswagen, his dad almost crashes the car. A short glimpse of life flashes before the babys eyes which is the funny part. Volkswagen marketers are appealing to a parents need to protect their children. Since most parents will sacrifi ce anything to ensure their childs physical well being.This is towards the stool and more attainable goal on Maslows pyramid, thus attaining to a larger population (Tanner, 2011). The concluding advertising are from McDonalds. They advertise the same product to satisfy the same need but in different cultures. The need is to satisfy hunger which is the most basics of needs from Maslow (Tanner, 2011). The advertisement shown in Arabic countries has very little dialogue compared to the one from the United States. Arab one makes use of the song, while using actions and expressions of the characters to advertise McDonalds.The advertisers do not say explicitly how good McDonalds is but instead, make clever use of lyrics from a song with a clever fight between loved ones to a it in a baneful way. On the other hand, the United States version is full of dialogue by this nerdy-looking guy. He tells how sophisticated and worldly he becomes after finding McDonalds international mug and co ffee tree offer. He past states all the meals on the great value meal. Everything is stated out clearly for the audience that McDonalds meals are cheap and you can even get good stuff like the international mug and coffee at low price.Comparing the two advertisements, marketers should definitely pick the one advertised in Arabic nations because it conveys its message in a subtle way. This entices the audience before the ending punch line with the fight. The advertisement from the United States is definitely too boring with all the dialogue. Of course, presenting advertisements in a more creative and subtle way will capture the audiences attention. However, it must be done correctly.

Counter-Argument Essay

The recent increase of violence at checks has proved the inconsistence of previous preventive measures. There is a persistent need to find a new solution for the existing problem of drill shooting. The sum up of school shooting victims increases with each day, this is why the newly designed preventive measures should be fast, effective, and should non beat any side effects to those who study and work at schools. In this situation surface demodulators at schools remain the just now promising perspective which will minimize the incidence of violence against teenagers and their teachers.metallic element detectors should be inst all(prenominal)ed at schools because they would detect weapons that could be used to commit violent crimes, even though umpteen people estimate that this would not stop crimes. Metal detectors at schools There is no official statistics as for the number of victims and incidents of school violence through the period between 2005 and 2008. However, it is not difficult to create the timeline of the major school shootings in the U. S. for the last three years.March 21, 2005 (Red Lake, Minnesota) Jeff Weise, 16, killed grandfather and companion, then arrived at school where he killed a teacher, a security guard, 5 students, and finally himself. November 58, 2005 (Jacksboro, Tennessee) One 15-year-old shot and killed an assistant principal at Campbell County lavishly develop and seriously wounded two other administrators. September 26, 2006 (Bailey, Colorado) adult male held six students hostage at Platte Canyon High School and then shot and killed Emily Keyes, 16, and himself (Infoplease).This list can be further expanded, and there is no visible tendency towards the decrease of school crimes. The problem is aggravated by the fact that only few schools use metal detectors as a security measure in 2005, nearly all (99 percent) students ages 12-18 ascertained the use of at least one of the selected security measures at their school. Metal detectors were the least observed of the selected safety and security measures 11 percent of students reported the use of metal detectors in their school. (Indicator 21)Of course, it is difficult to reason out that metal detectors atomic number 18 expensive, but is it ethical to speak about financial costs when it comes to protecting lives and health of shaverren? For example, the Cleveland City Council had to invest $2. 5 million of state money into equipping its schools with metal detector (Wagner). For umpteen people this sum sounds as viable exculpation of why metal detectors should not be installed at schools. Simultaneously, this sum becomes meaningless against the value of students and teachers safety.Moreover, metal detectors are presented in several different forms, and each school may choose the product to suit its needs and budget. When parents feel that their children are not safe, they start tone for other alternatives which would secure their children from being involved into tragic accidents at school. This is why metal detectors should be installed at schools to detect the weapons, and ultimately, to keep children from leaving to another school. Despite the high price of metal detectors, they have already proved to be an efficient instrument in decreasing violence and preventing shooting and other link up accidents at schools.Five public schools of New York were participating in the experiment, which was aimed at determining the effectiveness of metal detectors. In a report to the Board of Education, the Chancellor said that 820 weapons had been found on students or near the pursuit areas at five schools. Only five weapons were firearms (Gootman A3). It is possible to state that the experiment was successful metal detectors not only helped find weapons, but discouraged pupils and students from bringing weapons to school.The discussion of metal detectors benefits will be incomplete if we do not analyze the successes of certain sch ools which already use metal detectors. The example of John F. Kennedy High School in Bronx is very illustrative due to the fact that it was traditionally one of the most knotted educational entities in Bronx area. After one of the students was stabbed to death by a school companion, the principal order significant resources at reviving school safety. The metal detector has helped detect numerous box-cutters before they were carried wrong the school building the fights in the hallway have remained in the past.This is what the students and teachers said about the new metal detecting guard In terms of security, its been a blessing. I feel a part safer. I was very afraid (Gootman, A3). To be honest, it is not very clear why so many people vote against the use of metal detectors at schools. It seems that the high price of these useful devices is the only justification for those who refuse to recognize the benefits of metal detectors. For some reason, parents think that THIS will ne ver happen to THEIR children.Simultaneously, metal detectors are extremely effective in preventing the incidence of violence at schools. Childhood is the period of extreme emotions and exuberant actions. Metal detectors may actually prevent the child from committing a crime which he might be later regretting for the rest of his life. Metal detectors may save thousands of childrens lives. They are expensive, but these expenses are probable when we want to feel safe during our lessons. Conclusion Evidently, there are not so many reasons against instal metal detectors at schools.For those who vote against such measures, the price of metal detectors is the basic argument. However, the life of a child is priceless. Our parents have to understand that they can protect our lives when we are at school, and metal detectors have proved to be a success in this safety campaign. Each school should have a metal detector not only to detect weapons, but to discourage students from bringing weapo ns to school. Works Cited Gootman, E. Metal Detectors and Pep Rallies revitalization of a Bronx High School. The New York Times, February 4, 2004, p. A3. Indicator 21.Students Reports of Safety and Security Measures Observed at School. 2007. National boil down for Educational Statistics. 22 February 2008. http//nces. ed. gov/programs/crimeindicators/crimeindicators2007/ind_21. asp Infoplease. A Timeline of Recent Worldwide School Shootings. 2008. Infoplease. com. 22 February 2008. http//www. infoplease. com/ipa/A0777958. html Wagner, J. L. Metal Detectors Approved for Cleveland Schools, Will Cost $3. 3 million. 2007. Cleveland. com. 22 February 2008. http//blog. cleveland. com/metro/2007/10/metal_detectors_approved_for_c. html