Economics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Economics - Assignment Example Manufacturers are essentially limited to the manufacturing of mobile handsets and accessories and supply them to the mobile phone network service providers. Most of the major manufacturers of mobile phone sets are however, foreign and UK imports mobile phones. Major manufactures of mobile phone handsets include Nokia, Samsung, Apple, Sony Ericson are all foreign firms providing mobile phone handsets and other accessories to the service providers.1 Network operators offer airtime and data services to the end users as well as other tied services. They also offer services to indirect services providers as well as the virtual network service providers. They also sell packages to the customers as well as to the dealers to provide pay as you go as well as other bundled services to end users. Dealers actually operate through their retail outlets and offer mobile phone handsets as well as services obtained from the network operators. Though there are large numbers of smaller and independent dealers however, market seems to be dominated by the few very large dealers such as phone4U and other dealers. The growth of mobile phone networks in UK started during 1985 when government started to de-regulate the market. Since then there has been mushroom growth of the mobile networks in the country. Over the period of time, new services have been added thus increasing the overall depth and breadth of the market. (Doyle and Smith, 1999) Some estimates suggest that there are more than 80 million users of mobile phone data services across the country. Such growth in the market therefore suggests that UK is one of the growing markets for the mobile phone networks. What is also critical to understand that the overall number of service providers have remained limited despite such growth in the market. Initially very few operators were allowed to operate however the overall inclusion rate has increased in the recent past. Firms like Orange, O2, and Vodafone

Scientific Management - for a Different Time and Place Essay Example for Free

Scientific Management for a Different Time and Place Essay Scientific Management was first described by Frederick Taylor in the late 19th century. Its relevance to modern day management is widely debated in academic circles. In this essay, I will address the question of whether Scientific Management has a place today, in a 21st Century Knowledge Economy, or whether it belongs to a ‘different time and place. I will argue that much of modern management practice is derived from Taylor’s theories and that in this sense his work is very relevant. Next, I will examine the context in which Taylor developed his principles and contrast this with the contemporary context. Then I will evaluate the relevance of each of Taylor’s 4 Principles to today, with help from a case study of the NUMMI car manufacturing plant. Finally, I will examine the modern forms of Scientific Management, and what the future holds. Standing on the Shoulders of Giants: The Academic Contribution of Scientific Management â€Å"Every method during these past hundred years that has had the slightest success in raising the productivity of manual workers – and with it their real wages – has been based on Taylor’s principles. (Drucker, 1999) Taylor’s Scientific Management played a crucial part in the formation of management as an academic discipline. Many of our modern systems are built on the foundations laid by Scientific Management and elements of this are still clearly visible in modern business practice. Before Taylor’s ideas, business management was not taught or even considered a discipline. It was seen as a matter of personal style and that there was no ‘one best way’. Taylor challenged this idea and laid the foundations for management to be studied and evolve. He believed that management should e trained and qualified. Harvard, one of the first universities to offer a degree in business management in 1908, based its first-year curriculum on Taylors scientific management. Scientific Management influenced many thinkers, including James McKinsey, founder of the consultant firm bearing his name. McKinsey built on Taylor’s ideas and advocated budgets as a means of accountability and measuring performance of managers. Today the McKinsey consulting firm is one of the prime contributors to management thinking; hey believe that Scientific Management is the future, an idea which will be contested later in this essay. â€Å"Before scientific management, such departments as work study, personnel, maintenance and quality control did not exist. † (Accel-Team) Taylor’s philosophy was important in the development of principles of management by theorists. Scientific Management advocated the division of labour, the separation of planning from operations, clear delineation of authority and the use of incentive schemes for workers. Taylor greatly contributed to the analysis of work design and gave rise to method study, including his time studies, which are described later in this essay. Management literature has taken many new twists since Taylor’s day, with Drucker coining the term â€Å"Knowledge Workers† in 1959. Drucker’s book Landmarks of Tomorrow, describes the declining importance of manual labour. This marked a need to move away from Scientific Management, a system based on physical standardised tasks. In 1980, management evolved further away from SM when Richard Hackman and Greg Oldham argued that workers need meaning and responsibility in their work to perform well, in their book Work Redesign. This idea contrasted with the disregard to the worker’s emotions and humanity in SM. The Context of Scientific Management: Does the Purpose It Was Developed for Have Any Relevance Today? Scientific Management was designed with physical labour in mind. Taylor was inspired by what he observed in the steel industry, and developed a style of management which could be applied to the construction, processing and train industries among others. Today, tertiary activities form the majority of the economy in developed economies. Taylor’s system was designed in a time when secondary activities were just replacing primary activities as the largest sector, and tertiary activities were hardly developed at all. From this comes the argument that today we have moved into a knowledge economy and a new style of management must replace the now obsolete Scientific Management which was designed for standardized physical tasks. Gary Hamel terms this new style ‘Management 2. 0’. Taylor developed SM to counteract phenomenon of soldiering which he encountered in the steel industry. The reasons for soldiering were as follows: â€Å"1. The almost universally held belief among workers that if they became more productive, fewer of them would be needed and jobs would be eliminated. 2. Non-incentive wage systems encourage low productivity if the employee will receive the same pay regardless of how much is produced, assuming the employee can convince the employer that the slow pace really is a good pace for the job.  Employees take great care never to work at a good pace for fear that this faster pace would become the new standard. If employees are paid by the quantity they produce, they fear that management will decrease their per-unit pay if the quantity increases. 3. Workers waste much of their effort by relying on rule-of-thumb methods rather than on optimal work methods that can be determined by scientific study of the task. † (NetMBA, Business Knowledge Center) Soldiering is not a common practice in knowledge economies. The problem that Taylor developed his principles around are from a ‘different time and place’ as these three reasons are largely non-existent now. The first reason for soldiering is no longer a problem because today incentive wage systems encourage high productivity through bonuses. Workers believe high productivity will result in promotion rather than jobs being eliminated. In the successful NUMMI car manufacturing plant a no layoff policy was employed to ‘eliminate workers’ fear that they are jeopardizing jobs every time they come up with an idea to improve efficiency. ’(Adler)

The Mathematical Theory of Communication by Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver :: Information Theory Research Report

The Mathematical Theory of Communication by Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver For my research report, I read The Mathematical Theory of Communication by Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver. This book is an in-depth description of their theory. While I will focus mostly on Weaver's translation and application of information, I will also touch on the theory's core ideas as explained by Shannon. The information theory is the extentsion of Nyquist's and Hartley's origingal ideas on the subject. However, Claude Shannon includes new factors such as "the effect of noise in the channel, and savings possible due to statistical structure of the original message and due to the nature of the final destination of information." Shannon's ideas were based on the fundamental problem in communication, which he described as the "difficulty of reproducing at one point the message selected at another point." The most significant aspect is that the actual message sent is one "selected from a set" of possible messages. A system had to be formed to work for each possible selection. Shannon also constructed the Linear Model of Communication. It is rare to see a communication text book that doesn't include this model, or a model that is based on this one. However, modifications had to be made because Shannon and Weaver both overlooked the importance of feedback. Warren Weaver helps us understand Shannon's complex theory by explaining it in layman's terms. Weaver uses the word "communication" in a broad sense to incorporate all the different ways one person's mind could affect another. Basically, it encompasses all human behavior. Weaver simplistically describes the three levels of communication problems. The first level, Level A, is the technical problem. The technical problems deal with the transfer of sets of signals from sender to sender. These sets of signals could be as simple as written speech or as complex as telephone or television transmission. The second level (Level B) is concerned with the understanding and interpretation of the meaning by the receiver when compared with the intended meaning of the sender. Level B is referred to as semantics problems. Level C, the effectiveness problems, is the final communication problem. It is concerned with how well the meaning is conveyed to the receiver. Weaver goes on to describe numerous problems within each of the previous three. One of the major problems in each of these categories was that of entropy. Entropy may be simply defined as randomness.

Advantages and disadvantages of the civil war Essay

In 1861, when the Civil War broke out, the Confederacy and the Union both had numerous advantages and disadvantages and there were multiple women and slaves that contributed to the war. To begin with, the Confederacy had its significant advantages that helped it push through the war, one of which was its strong leaders. Many believed â€Å"Stonewall† Jackson and Robert E. Lee were some of the best officers even before the war. Also, they had the advantage of fighting on their own soil. They knew the terrain better that of their counterparts. A psychological aspect could be that fighting for their land, for their families, could have been the driving force or motivation. Moreover, they have longer coast lines which increased the travel time and decreased the chances of blockade or capturing of ports and major cities. On the other hand, the Confederacy did have several disadvantages as well. First, they were not recognized by Europe at all which limited their foreign aid. The Confederacy also had minimal factory production and industry. At the beginning of the war, the Confederacy had only one-ninth the industrial capacity of the Union. But that statistic was misleading. In 1860, the North manufactured 97 percent of the country’s firearms, 96 percent of its railroad locomotives, 94 percent of its cloth, 93 percent of its pig iron, and over 90 percent of its boots and shoes. There was not even one rifleworks in the entire South. The railroad system that the Union had was far more sophisticated than that of the Confederacy, having over ten thousand more miles of railroad tracks that were, in itself, more modern. Due to the large amounts of manufacturing businesses and the railroad system to move the products, the Union, unlike the Confederacy, could produce and ship weapons, clothing, and food at a much more efficient rate than their counterparts. Also, because they were a newly founded â€Å"sovereign state†, the Confederacy did not have a professional, organized standing army and navy. The army and navy of the Federal United States were already organized and ready for war. Since, The Union had a naval advantage and the confederacy had Long Coastlines that were hard to defend,the union could block the Confederate’s ports for supplies. Furthermore, the economy of the Confederacy was destroyed by the Union. Second, the Union also had its many advantages as well as some disadvantages. One of the North’s significant advantages in fighting the war was that the industrial, urbanized Northern states held a significant edge in the population and manpower. The North had over twenty-two million people whereas the South had just over nine million (three and a half million of whom were blacks). Additionally, the Union had already an more experienced government since it was around for some years, when on the contrary, the Confederate government was fresh and new. Also, as mentioned before the Union was far more industrialized with its vast networks of factories, railroads, and ships which exceed any amount of industrialization in the south. This aspect gave the Union of being able to transport supplies and equipment faster and finance the war much better than the Confederacy. Finally, as it was also mentioned previously, the Union did have a large navy that allowed them to block major southern ports. During the horrible four years of the Civil War, women who did not own property, did not have the right to vote, or did not have many civil liberties came together in support of the war efforts. Women were so eager to help that they hid their identity by dressing as men, taking up masculine names, and took up arms of their own. They cared for sick and dying soldiers, risked their lives to gather information as spies, cooked, cleaned and care for children. The tenacity and love with which these women served their country was astounding, and yet often overlooked. About 3,000 women served as Union army nurses. Dorthea Dix was one women who was acknowledged for being the Nation’s first superintendent of women nurses. Clara Barton was recognized for being the first women to work in the U.S. Patent Office and was given the name â€Å"Angel of the Battlefield.† Sally Tompkins was a Confederate army nurse commissioned as captain because she performed her hospital duties so heroically. Finally, Belle Boyd was honored for being a brave Confederate nurse and spy. After President Lincoln presented the Emancipation proclamation, which held a section for the enlistment of African Americans into the Union Army, African American men rushed to enlist. This time they were accepted into all-black units. The first of these was the Fifty-fourth Massachusetts Colored Regiment, led by white officer Robert Gould Shaw. Their heroism in combat put to rest worries over the willingness of black soldiers to fight. Soon other regiments were being formed, and in May 1863 the War Department established the Bureau of Colored Troops. Black recruiters, many of them abolitionists such as Frederick Douglass, Henry Highland Garnet, and Mary Ann Shadd Cary, brought in troops from throughout the North. Douglass proclaimed, â€Å"I urge you to fly to arms and smite with death the power that would bury the government and your liberty in the same hopeless grave.† Others, such as Harriet Tubman, recruited in the South. On March 6, 1863, the Secretary of War was informed that â€Å"seven hundred and fifty blacks who were waiting for an opportunity to join the Union Army had been rescued from slavery under the leadership of Harriet Ross Tubman†¦.† By the end of the war more than 186,000 black soldiers had joined the Union army; 93,000 from the Confederate states, 40,000 from the border slave states, and 53,000 from the free states. They participated in about 500 Civil War battles and skirmishes. Although they were treated unequally they continued to volunteer. For example, white privates in the Union army were paid $13 monthly with and extra $3.50 clothes allowance, while black privates in the Union were only paid $10 monthly WITHOUT an extra clothes allowance. It wasn’t until 1864 that Congress equalized the pay for the black and white soldiers. Also, the mortality rate of blacks were higher than that of whites due to the fact that they were assigned to labor duty in the germ-ridden garrisons where they were likely to ctach typhoid, pneumonia, malaria, or other diseases.

Festival: Chinese New Year and Tangy Pineapple Tart Essay

Malaysia is a land known of its multicultural and the diversity of religions. As this country is made up of different races, the people of Malaysia inevitably celebrates a variety of festivals. To the Chinese, the most important festival is the Chinese New Year, which usually falls on the month of January or February. Before the festival, throngs of shoppers head for shops in search of mandarin oranges, new year tit bits, new clothes, plants like bamboos, money plants or little kumquat trees that bear the prosperous meaning. Some families even get together to bake and prepare the new year delicacies like the yummy and tangy pineapple tart, almond cookies and so on. The Chinese also make it a point to settle all debts before the new year begins as it symbolizes bad luck to bring forward debts from the past. On the eve of the new year, family members get together for a special reunion dinner. Younger unmarried members of the families receive red packets containing money when they go around visiting friends and relatives. The Muslims celebrate Hari Raya Puasa which marks the end of the Muslim month of fasting. The festival begins with prayers at the mosque early in the morning. Some people visit the cemetery to pray for family members who have departed. After that, there are visits to relative’s house and feasts. The most popular dish during this time will be the ketupat which is made from rice, chicken or beef rendang, a dish that is cooked with a lot of coconut milk. Green packets containing money will also be distributed during this festival. Deepavali or the festival of lights is celebrated by the Hindus. Homes of Hindus are decorated with little colorful lamps which symbolize the victory of good over evil. On this auspicious day, Hindus dress in new clothes will go to the temple in the morning to pray. Then, they either visit their friends or invite friends over to their homes for feast. These festivals of different races have opened up chances for Malaysians to know and understand the cultures of others. This situation will definitely build up the spirit of unity among the people in this fortunate land.

Donatello Essays - Donatello, The Feast Of Herod, David, Free Essays

Donatello Essays - Donatello, The Feast Of Herod, David, Free Essays Donatello Michelle Hoell Professor Kranz Humanities 2 16 Nov. 2001 Donatello is known as the most important sculptor of the Early Renaissance. The author, John Pope-Hennessy noted him as one of the greatest artists who ever lived (Pope-Hennessy p.11). Donatello was a modest person who was very dedicated to his works. Because of his great dedication, he was able to create so much art in so many different varieties (Poeschke p.5). Donatellos origins, his accomplishments, and his impact are important aspects to appreciate the sculptor, Donatello. Donatello was born on 1386 in Florence, Italy by the name Donato di Niccolo di Betto Bardi. (library p.1). His father, Niccolo di Betto Bardi, was a wool comber. It is thought that he learned his career from one of the stone sculptors for the Cathedral of Florence around 1400 (britannica p.3). He assisted Filippo Brunelleschi, with whom he may have visited Rome and studied monuments of antiquity there (Blood p.1). Donatello started sculpting at the age of twenty. Donatello created masterpieces with stone, clay, bronze, or gold (Poeschke p.376). He is said to have worked in Lorenzo Ghiberti's shop and also had a shop of his own in Florence. Later in life he studied Roman Ruins and became a humanist. Donatello died on December 13, 1466 at the age of eighty. He never married and had no children (Blood p.1). Donatellos works can be separated into three periods. The first period is comprised of works done before the year 1425. During the first period, Donatello was greatly influenced by the Gothic style, yet classical and realistic influences were also Hoell 2 present. During this time Donatello identified himself as a realist. Most of his weeks of this period were spent in Florence (Blood p.2). One of the works completed during the first period is the marble David was one of Donatellos earliest works, which was completed around 1412 (britannica p.2). On February 20, 1408, Donatello was commissioned to make one of the buttresses, which were going to be placed on the choir of the Duomo in Florence. A total of twelve buttresses were supposed to be made by several different sculptors but the task was never completed. When Donatello finally completed his work, it was criticized of being too small to be placed in its location, which was eighteen meters high. The David ended up in the Duomo workshops for a few years. Then, in July 1416, it was moved to the Palazzo Vecchio. Donatello was then paid five extra florins to make some alterations to the statue. This may be when the very intricate details were added to Goliaths face and hair. He may have also added details to the clothing, such as seams, folds and fringes, during this time. Because of this, Donatello was noted of putting much more importance into the details of the sculpture more than any sculptor of this time puts (Poeschke p.27, 377). A while later the Prophet David was given a place of honor in the city hall to represent political freedom. Donatellos David was chosen for this place. Ghilberti, the leader in International Gothic Style, influenced this sculpture. International Gothic Style consisted of soft curves, which the Dav id processed. The construction of the drapery also had a Gothic look. This work was made for the Cathedral but was later moved to Palazzo Vecchio in 1416. There, the David symbolized civic patriotism. It was later shadowed Hoell 3 by the huge Michelangelo version of David (britannica p.2). The David can be seen on page nine and is image one. Another work done during the first period is St. George. It was one of Donatellos most powerful works. It had demonstrated personality and confidence, which has not been seen since the classical antiquity (britannica p.2). St. George is image four on page ten. There appears to be holes made into the marble. These holes are thought to have held a wreath or bronze helmet on the head. The right hand was carved to hold a sword of lance made of bronze. The statue was completed on 1415 and the tabernacle niche in which is placed was completed around 1417 (Pope-Hennessy p.63, 64). It is unsure if Donatello had anything to do with designing the tabernacle in

Flowering Judas versus Winter Dreams

Flowering Judas versus Winter Dreams â€Å"Love does not recognize boundaries and it can happen between two people of different social backgrounds (Baym, 2007).† It is on a sad note that love is thought to be bringing joy to the parties concerned but brings misery and heartaches, it hurts that betrayal is often the ghost that haunts it.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Flowering Judas versus Winter Dreams specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More While both of these short stories, that is, Flowering Judas by Katherine Ann Porter and Winter Dreams by F. Scott Fitzgerald seek to revolve around and explain the meaning of love and the mystery surrounding it, both take on it in sweet and bitter contexts as revealed by both authors as both stories unfold (Baym, 2007). More often than not, love seems to hurt the two parties involved, the aftermath is not always what is anticipated for but all the same, the scars should make memories to help one not make the same mistakes again (Baym, 2007). In both stories we realize that there is an inclusion of love as both stories unfold. In Flowering Judas, Porter brings to our attention the love that exists between the two main characters, Laura and Braggioni, on the other hand, Fitzgerald, in Winter Dreams brings to us the love between Judy Jones and Dexter Green. In the latter, Dexter (Baym, 2007) is portrayed as loving Judy Jones regardless of her insatiable appetite for men, there is a string of men following her, whom she does change every other few weeks, but regardless of this, Dexter goes ahead to love her and even after Judy leaves him and comes back, he breaks his engagement to Irene Scheerer just to be with her again. Dexter is portrayed as a victim of his own fantasies that cannot be a reality at all, seen through the way he searches for love and happiness because he is exclusively focused on his love for Judy Jones but on the other hand Judy Jones in her self serving attitude, is never ser ious with her love for him, Dexter is merely blinded by her beauty such that he can not fully divorce himself from the attachment he has for her. In Flowering Judas, Porter brings to our attention the love that exists between the two main characters, Laura and Braggion. Braggioni, the corrupt revolutionary leader’s advances for Laura are seen through conversation and song, but through her thoughts we see Laura’s distaste for Braggioni as well as other men’s attempts to win her love.Advertising Looking for essay on comparative literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More We see a sense of betrayal of love in both cases, from Judy Jones side towards Dexter Green and From Laura towards Braggioni. The kind of love that is seen given by the two men in these two stories is therefore not reciprocated, the women are so distance from them both (Baym, 2007). On the other hand, the point of contrast of the t wo short stories, is the fact that, in the case of Dexter Green and Judy Jones, their love is based on obsession, Dexter seemingly is so obsessed with Judy Jones, and that these two characters have come a long way because Dexter knew Judy Jones when he was about fourteen years old, but on the other hand, Fitzgerald brings fourth characters who have met in their later years, that the love between the two characters just came up when both of them were grown up (Baym, 2007). On the other hand, while Fitzgerald puts focus on characters of different social backgrounds, now that Dexter Green came from a kind of middle class family, Judy Jones comes from an extremely rich background, that is as far as their childhood is concerned. In Flowering Judas, we encounter the two characters that are the center of focus, coming from different physical and geographical regions but now meeting in Mexico (Baym, 2007). Reference Baym, N. (2007). The Norton Anthology of American Literature. New York. W. W. Norton Company. Volume D. 7th Edition

The Saint Patricks Battalion (Los San Patricios)

The Saint Patricks Battalion (Los San Patricios) The St. Patricks Battalion- known in Spanish as el Batallà ³n de los San Patricios- was a Mexican army unit comprised primarily of Irish Catholics who had defected from the invading US army during the Mexican-American War. The St. Patricks Battalion was an elite artillery unit which inflicted great damage on the Americans during the battles of Buena Vista and Churubusco. The unit was led by Irish defector John Riley. After the Battle of Churubusco, most members of the battalion were killed or captured: most of those taken prisoner were hanged and the majority of the others were branded and whipped. After the war, the unit lasted for a short time before being disbanded. The Mexican-American War By 1846, tensions between the USA and Mexico had reached a critical point. Mexico was enraged by the American annexation of Texas, and the USA had its eye on Mexicos sparsely populated western holdings, such as California, New Mexico, and Utah. Armies were sent to the border and it didnt take long for a series of skirmishes to flare into an all-out war. The Americans took the offensive, invading first from the north and later from the east after capturing the port of Veracruz. In September of 1847, the Americans would capture Mexico City, forcing Mexico to surrender. Irish Catholics in the USA Many Irish were immigrating to America at about the same time as the war, due to harsh conditions and famine in Ireland. Thousands of them joined the US army in cities like New York and Boston, hoping for some pay and US citizenship. Most of them were Catholic. The US army (and US society in general) was at that time very intolerant towards both Irish and Catholics. Irish were seen as lazy and ignorant, while Catholics were considered fools who were easily distracted by pageantry and led by a faraway pope. These prejudices made life very difficult for Irish in American society at large and particularly in the army. In the army, the Irish were considered inferior soldiers and given dirty jobs. Chances of promotion were virtually nil, and at the beginning of the war, there was no opportunity for them to attend Catholic services (by the end of the war, there were two Catholic priests serving in the army). Instead, they were forced to attend Protestant services during which Catholicism was often vilified. Punishments for infractions such as drinking or negligence of duty were often severe. Conditions were harsh for most of the soldiers, even the non-Irish, and thousands would desert during the course of the war. Mexican Enticements The prospect of fighting for Mexico instead of the USA had a certain attraction for some of the men. Mexican generals learned of the plight of the Irish soldiers and actively encouraged defections. The Mexicans offered land and money for anyone who deserted and joined them and sent over fliers exhorting Irish Catholics to join them. In Mexico, Irish defectors were treated as heroes and given the opportunity for promotion denied them in the American army. Many of them felt a greater connection to Mexico: like Ireland, it was a poor Catholic nation. The allure of the church bells announcing mass must have been great for these soldiers far from home. The St. Patricks Battalion Some of the men, including Riley, defected before the actual declaration of war. These men were quickly integrated into the Mexican army, where they were assigned to the legion of foreigners. After the Battle of Resaca de la Palma, they were organized into the St. Patricks Battalion. The unit was made up of primarily Irish Catholics, with a fair number of German Catholics as well, plus a handful of other nationalities, including some foreigners who had been living in Mexico before war broke out. They made a banner for themselves: a bright green standard with an Irish harp, under which was Erin go Bragh and the Mexican coat of arms with the words Libertad por la Republica Mexicana. On the flip side of the banner was an image of St. Patrick and the words San Patricio. The St. Patricks first saw action as a unit at the Siege of Monterrey. Many of the defectors had artillery experience, so they were assigned as an elite artillery unit. At Monterrey, they were stationed in the Citadel, a massive fort blocking the entrance to the city. American General Zachary Taylor wisely sent his forces around the massive fortress and attacked the city from either side. Although the defenders of the fort did fire on American troops, the citadel was largely irrelevant to the defense of the city. On February 23, 1847, Mexican General Santa Anna, hoping to wipe out Taylors Army of Occupation, attacked the entrenched Americans at the Battle of Buena Vista south of Saltillo. The San Patricios played a prominent part in the battle. They were stationed on a plateau where the main Mexican attack took place. They fought with distinction, supporting an infantry advance and pouring cannon fire into the American ranks. They were instrumental in capturing some American cannons: one of the few pieces of good news for the Mexicans in this battle. After Buena Vista, the Americans and Mexicans turned their attention to eastern Mexico, where General Winfield Scott had landed his troops and taken Veracruz. Scott marched on Mexico City: Mexican General Santa Anna raced out to meet him. The armies met at the Battle of Cerro Gordo. Many records have been lost about this battle, but the San Patricios were likely in one of the forward batteries which were tied up by a diversionary attack while the Americans circled around to attack the Mexicans from the rear: again the Mexican Army was forced to retreat. The Battle of Churubusco The Battle of Churubusco was the St. Patricks greatest and final battle. The San Patricios were divided and sent to defend one of the approaches to Mexico City: Some were stationed at a defensive works at one end of a causeway into Mexico City: the others were in a fortified convent. When the Americans attacked on August 20, 1847, the San Patricios fought like demons. In the convent, Mexican soldiers three times tried to raise a white flag, and each time the San Patricios ripped it down. They only surrendered when they ran out of ammunition. Most of the San Patricios were either killed or captured in this battle: some escaped into Mexico City, but not enough to form a cohesive army unit. John Riley was among those captured. Less than a month later, Mexico City was taken by the Americans and the war was over. Trials, Executions, and Aftermath Eighty-five San Patricios were taken prisoner in all. Seventy-two of them were tried for desertion (presumably, the others had never joined the US army and therefore could not desert). These were divided into two groups and all of them were court-martialed: some at Tacubaya on August 23 and the rest at San Angel on August 26. When offered a chance to present a defense, many chose drunkenness: this was likely a ploy, as it was often a successful defense for deserters. It didnt work this time, however: all of the men were convicted. Several of the men were pardoned by General Scott for a variety of reasons, including age (one was 15) and for refusing to fight for the Mexicans. Fifty were hanged and one was shot (he had convinced the officers that he had not actually fought for the Mexican army). Some of the men, including Riley, had defected before the official declaration of war between the two nations: this was, by definition, a much less serious offense and they could not be executed for it. These men received lashes and were branded with a D (for deserter) on their faces or hips. Riley was branded twice on the face after the first brand was accidentally applied upside-down. Sixteen were hanged at San Angel on September 10, 1847. Four more were hanged the following day at Mixcoac. Thirty were hanged on September 13 in Mixcoac, within sight of the fortress of Chapultepec, where the Americans and Mexicans were battling for control of the castle. Around 9:30 a.m., as the American flag was raised over the fortress, the prisoners were hanged: it was meant to be the last thing they ever saw. One of the men hanged that day, Francis OConnor, had both his legs amputated the day before due to his battle wounds. When the surgeon told Colonel William Harney, the officer in charge, Harney said Bring the damned son of a bitch out! My order was to hang 30 and by God, Ill do it! Those San Patricios who had not been hanged were thrown in dark dungeons for the duration of the war, after which they were freed. They re-formed and existed as a unit of the Mexican army for about a year. Many of them remained in Mexico and started families: a handful of Mexicans today can trace their lineage to one of the San Patricios. Those who remained were rewarded by the Mexican government with pensions and the land that had been offered to entice them to defect. Some returned to Ireland. Most, including Riley, vanished into Mexican obscurity. Today, the San Patricios are still a bit of a hot topic between the two nations. To Americans, they were traitors, deserters, and turncoats who defected out of laziness and then fought out of fear. They were certainly loathed in their day: in his excellent book on the subject, Michael Hogan points out that out of thousands of deserters during the war, only the San Patricios were ever punished for it (of course, they were also the only ones to take up arms against their former comrades) and that their punishment was quite harsh and cruel. Mexicans, however, see them in a vastly different light. To Mexicans, the San Patricios were great heroes who defected because they could not stand to see the Americans bullying a smaller, weaker Catholic nation. They fought not out of fear but out of a sense of righteousness and justice. Every year, St. Patricks Day is celebrated in Mexico, particularly in the places where the soldiers were hanged. They have received many honors from the Mexican government, including streets named after them, plaques, postage stamps issued in their honor, etc. Whats the truth? Somewhere in between, certainly. Thousands of Irish Catholics fought for America during the war: they fought well and were loyal to their adopted nation. Many of those men deserted (men of all walks of life did during that harsh conflict) but only a fraction of those deserters joined the enemy army. This lends credence to the notion that the San Patricios did so out of a sense of justice or outrage as Catholics. Some may simply have done so for recognition: they proved that they were very skilled soldiers -arguably Mexicos best unit during the war - but promotions for Irish Catholics were few and far between in America. Riley, for example, made Colonel in the Mexican army. In 1999, a major Hollywood movie called One Mans Hero was made about the St. Patricks Battalion. Sources Eisenhower, John S.D. So Far from God: the U.S. War with Mexico, 1846-1848. Norman: the University of Oklahoma Press, 1989Hogan, Michael. The Irish Soldiers of Mexico. Createspace, 2011.Wheelan, Joseph. Invading Mexico: Americas Continental Dream and the Mexican War, 1846-1848. New York: Carroll and Graf, 2007.

Reasons of the Present World's Explosive State Essay

Reasons of the Present World's Explosive State - Essay Example As the paper outlines, Huntington argues that after the cold war the world, which was divided along the ideological and economic status of states, has changed. The old dividing lines of ideological orientation and economic status are to be replaced by the fresh lines of â€Å"culture and civilization†. With these new demarcations, Huntington divided the world in â€Å"Western, Confucian, Japanese, Islamic, Hindu, Slavic-Orthodox, Latin American and possibly African civilization†. Therefore, he asserts that the conflicts in future got to be along these fault lines. He reinforces his argument by giving four reasons: Firstly, the differences in civilization are â€Å"basic and real† thus are rigid and will cause conflict, which necessarily does not mean â€Å"violence†. Secondly, because of technological advancements, the world has become more interactive and so does civilizations, resultantly the emergence of â€Å"civilization consciousness† and â₠¬Å"animosities†. Third the process of â€Å"economic modernization and social change† has brought new identities in focus. Fourth, the dual role of the West. Finally, the uncompromising nature of cultural characteristics as compared to political or economic interests. The â€Å"centuries-old military interaction† between Arabs (Islam in particular) and West is a testimony to the existence of civilization fault line between these two, which will widen in the absence of other ideology i.e. Communism. Amy Chua, on the other hand, indicates that the unrest in the world is because of three factors: free markets, democracy, and ethnic hatred.  

Curriculum and Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Curriculum and Design - Essay Example The funds are distributed equally to various educational organizations as per the EETT proposals. The main peculiarity is that 25% of the grant available can be utilized for giving proper training to teachers and improve the process of learning among students. The comprehensive training programs to teachers make them capable to deal the proposed curriculum so perfectly. More over the teachers are authorized to give proper instructions to students to promote learning by conducting useful researches regarding the subjects. Thus the new methodology on learning makes the students grasp the matter with less effort. This plus point of the scheme has attracted every educational expert and they have recommended this scheme for better outcome from students. Students enjoy certain advantages by implementing this special curriculum. Preliminary among them is student’s achievements. Students can develop remarkable achievements by means of this technical education. Then students can be technically proficient when they complete their school education. Result oriented research based educational programs is the other advantage of this education. All these can be made available by proper teachers training and adequate renewal of curriculum from time to time. One of the advantages of this education is that the teaching and learning methods can be practiced from concerned website. The valuable data which are available through their Laptops from the website must be helpful to provide students considerable basements with respect to the curriculum. In order to promote aims the EETT grant has some special proposals. Accordingly one position called Grant Coordinator cum staff developer is to be created. Next certain renewed projects which can boost the technical education should be designed. Then digital educator scholarship should be organized for encouraging students. Online training and learning facilities and sources should

Service Industry in Context - T-Mobile Research Paper

Service Industry in Context - T-Mobile - Research Paper Example As of the recent times, the company has generated revenue of around 14.8 billion by the process of handling its operations with an employee strength of over 34,500 employees (Deutsche Telecom, 2012, p. 18). The company’s planning and strategy based operations are initiated from the US based headquarters which is located in the Bellevue area in Washington. Talking in terms of customer statistics, it can be said that the company offers it product and service offerings to around 33.3 million customers in the US, by using technology platforms like the GSM, UMTS etc (t- mobile.com – b, 2012). The well known and highly reputed global telecom company has a wide array of products and services that appeal to customers around the world. Talking in regards to the product portfolio offered by the globally reputed telecom company, the company manufactures and markets telecommunication devices of latest technology like the Smart phones, Windows phones as well as the smart phones of v arious well known global mobile companies. The company’s product offerings also comprises of various other technological devices like the tablets, headsets, mobile chargers etc (t- mobile.com – c, 2012). In the US, the company is a national level service provider whose service offerings for the US market comprises of various essential and useful telecommunication services like voice, wireless messaging as well as high speed data service. (t-mobile.com – d, 2012). The company’s service portfolio comprises of data communication plans for mobiles and computers, which are highly segmented to suit the individual needs of the customers on the basis of their consumption usage. The company also provides high speed data connectivity services like the Broadband services as well as 4G services to the customers located in the United States. In an attempt to provide a significant amount of value to the customers, it can be said that the company has also focused on the process of eliminating the charges of the mobile devices with regards to the data plans and thereby providing and promoting more transparency in the pricing plans of their services to the customers. Talking in terms of financial performance of the company in the recent times, it can be said that the company generated a revenue total of around $4.9 billion in the sales of telecommunication equipments in the third quarter of this year, which is an increase of around 6.4% while calculated on a year on year basis. The company also recorded revenue of around $4.3 billion in terms of total service revenue for the third quarter of this year. Talking in line with the average revenue per user (ARPU), it can be said that the company generated $27.35, which is an increase of over 12% on a year on year basis. The average revenue per user recorded an increase because of the significant rise in monthly 4G subscriptions by the customers. The company apart from providing a stellar performance in t erms of revenue generation in the third quarter of this year has focused on the process of developing the customer base of the company in a move to achieve significant operational efficiency of the company. As a result, the company has recorded

Conflict and friendships Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Conflict and friendships - Essay Example l consensus among developmental psychologists that security is one of the most important properties of children and adolescents’ relationships with their friends†. For example, when compared with securely attached individuals insecurely attached persons usually display lower levels of companionship with their friends, lower security levels, which are reflected in lower expectations from the friendship to help to cope with difficulties, and higher conflict levels with the friends / Hazan & Shaver, 1987/ . There are also studies, which focused on the relation of attachment styles with sex differences. These studies have shown that women display higher levels of Companionship, Protection, and Affective Bond, which men showed Aid, Security, and Help / Saferstein, Neimeyer & Hagans, 2005/. Accorging to Bukowski et al. (1994) â€Å"one of the most persistent themes in the theoretical literature regarding children’s and early adolescents’ friendship relations is that these relations are affordances for feelings of acceptance, validation, and attachment†. So, attachment style theory suggests that attachments are generally described ob the basis of certain characteristics sex of the friend is among them. One more theory investigates the dependence between the family experiences of a child and its ability and success in building close relationships with its peers. Thus, the researchers of this sphere maintain that there is a direct link between the close parent-child relationships and the quality of friendships established by a child. Both attachment and social learning theories supported the findings that children with close relations confiding relations with their mothers possessed higher quality of friendships. The most prominent such dependence becomes in comparison with children from complex or stepmother families / Dunn, Davies, OConnor & Sturgess, 2001 /. However, there is the point where the supporters of this theory split. One believe that it is the

Journal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Journal - Assignment Example I also decided to make it more narrative and explanatory like a person teaching someone. This is a good way for me to visualize myself explaining the basic concepts to someone. In reality I’m actually teaching myself. Repeating terminology, ideas, and main points helps me to remember better and to grasp a better understanding. It is also mostly present tense to reflect the fact that such marketing strategies and ideas are present day and are happening as we speak. The journal is also persuasive and methodological, helping me to reinstate and reinforce the ideas taught in class. They are not something to be argued. The matter of fact and explanatory tone helps me to easily list the points and explain in detail the concepts involved. Â   This way the overall serious and explanatory tone helps it be more formal and convey the ideas in a step by step manner. The journal acts like a guide throughout the various lectures and helps to memorize the concepts better. It is highly effective in being able to dig out the key points and write them in a manner that can be read like a fluent paragraph. This tone helps me to write down the concepts the way I understand them instead of just copying down the same words from the slide. I am able to convey my own explanation and understanding leading me to thoroughly understand the knowledge

Conflict and friendships Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Conflict and friendships - Essay Example l consensus among developmental psychologists that security is one of the most important properties of children and adolescents’ relationships with their friends†. For example, when compared with securely attached individuals insecurely attached persons usually display lower levels of companionship with their friends, lower security levels, which are reflected in lower expectations from the friendship to help to cope with difficulties, and higher conflict levels with the friends / Hazan & Shaver, 1987/ . There are also studies, which focused on the relation of attachment styles with sex differences. These studies have shown that women display higher levels of Companionship, Protection, and Affective Bond, which men showed Aid, Security, and Help / Saferstein, Neimeyer & Hagans, 2005/. Accorging to Bukowski et al. (1994) â€Å"one of the most persistent themes in the theoretical literature regarding children’s and early adolescents’ friendship relations is that these relations are affordances for feelings of acceptance, validation, and attachment†. So, attachment style theory suggests that attachments are generally described ob the basis of certain characteristics sex of the friend is among them. One more theory investigates the dependence between the family experiences of a child and its ability and success in building close relationships with its peers. Thus, the researchers of this sphere maintain that there is a direct link between the close parent-child relationships and the quality of friendships established by a child. Both attachment and social learning theories supported the findings that children with close relations confiding relations with their mothers possessed higher quality of friendships. The most prominent such dependence becomes in comparison with children from complex or stepmother families / Dunn, Davies, OConnor & Sturgess, 2001 /. However, there is the point where the supporters of this theory split. One believe that it is the

New technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

New technology - Essay Example It is also a transition from the static HTML pages to dynamic web pages that are organized and it is based on serving the web application to users. It is no longer a ‘medium’ that people visit. Information can easily flow in and out of the web services. There are various forms in which the people use this technology. Some of the frequently used applications of web2.0 technology include Blogs and Wikis, IM Chat, tagging, RSS Feeds, Google Maps and Google Docs. Photos and video sharing and social networking are the web 2.0 tools, social office suites and podcasts. Through this technology people can create websites that look like and act as desktop programs. Thus people use this technology mostly for creating their own blogs, for social networking and video and photo sharing. Blogs is the short form of weblogs and is more like a personal diary which people maintain on the internet (Gill 2004). The act of adding an entry or updating the blog is called ‘blogging’ and the one who writes blogs is known as a ‘blogger’. Sometimes blogs are characterized by their technology like Blogger, Greymatter, LiveJournal, Manila, Movable Type, or UserLand. Bolggers write about topics that matter to them and they invite comments on their postings. The contact details of the blogger is also provide so anyone interested can exchange personal emails instead of posting messages that can be read by all visitors to the blog. The posts on the blog are permanent and only the author who owns it can edit it. The Primary characteristics of a blog include: Blogging started as a pastime in America but has now evolved and is used as a platform for various purposes. Most bloggers are young and have one author whose purpose is to express personal content. Not all bloggers give their true identification on the blogs and hence it serves to maintain anonymity

Media assignment Essay Example for Free

Media assignment Essay The article Bad parents? Expel kids has three underlying psychological assumptions or issues. The first is that teachers are applying for new rules to allow them to expel pupils who have badly behaved parents;  Head teachersdemanded new laws to allow them to expel pupils whose parents are violent or abusive towards staff  The teachers are wanting to do this as they believe that if the parents show abusive behaviour, their children will show similar behaviour as parents are seen as role models. This links with Bandura et als Bashing Bobo study, where they showed how childrens behaviour changes to how they see adults conduct themselves. Also in the article is the view that teaching boards should be able to do everything in their powers to parents who neglect their children;  Education authorities are failing to use their powerto tackle feckless parents  Feckless parents refer to those who let their children do whatever they want to. If the parents do not make their children go to school then this will be seen as the right thing to do. This links to Skinner, a behaviourist, and his study of operant conditioning. The third psychological issue is when the general secretary of the national association of head teachers, David Hart, states; that he believes that if a parent and school has a bad relationship, then the schools should have no obligation to teach their children.  If relations between a school and a particular parenthas broken down I really dont think we should educate their children  He believes that poor relationships between schools and parents will have bad effects on the pupils education. These poor relationships link to Tajfels study on insiders and outsiders. Bandura et als experiment on Bashing bobo provides the psychological evidence behind the first issue. They created a number of situations using groups of small children, different toys a large doll (bobo) and a role model (an adult who demonstrated different behaviours). Bandura et al found that the children who were shown no violent behaviour by the model, towards bobo, showed none or little violent behaviour. However, a large proportion of the children who were shown violent behaviour towards bobo acted in a violent way also. This links to the article where teachers believe they should have the power to expel pupils whose parents are abusive towards teaching staff. This is because all parents are role models for their children. Therefore the children will see the behaviour of their parents and believe this to be the way to act. In 1938 a behaviourist called Skinner carried out a study on rats where he showed how the rats behaviour could be shaped until it learned what was required. This study supplies the psychological evidence behind the second assumption in the newspaper article. Skinner created a habitat for rats which included a lever in its cage. To start with if the rat got close to the lever food would come out of a hatch. This process progressed until the rats actually had to push the lever to receive the food. When this was learnt, the rat did not actually think consciously what it was doing, it just did it when it wanted food. This relates to the article as if these feckless parents persist in not making their children go to school then their behaviour will be shaped as they will view this behaviour to be correct. They will do this without even thinking about what they are doing or the consequences. The psychological evidence that lies behind the third issue raised is that of Tajfels study of insiders and outsiders. Tajfel carried out a study, in which there were 64 schoolboy subjects, into intergroup discrimination. He placed the boys into different groups, although the children did not know who else was in the group. He then asked them to assign money in certain ways. He found that the boys discriminated against the groups other than his own. This shows ethnocentrism, where we believe that the group we belong to is the norm and all other groups are not as good. This links to the article and the poor relations between teachers and parents. This could show that the parents believe they are better than the teachers as they are not part of their group. Therefore the teachers are discriminated against. This could go onto show that as the parents believe this so will their children, so they to will discriminate against the teachers.  In relation to the first psychological assumption I would suggest that head teachers are given the right to expel pupils whose parents are abusive towards teachers. If these changes were made then the abusive parents may think more about the consequences of their behaviour. If their attitude did change then their children would perceive this as how to act, as parents are role models. Therefore the childrens attitude would also change. This change in rules for head teachers may act as operant conditioning, which links to the study on this by Skinner. A suggestion base on the second psychological issue would be to arrange behaviour modification sessions with the feckless parents. These sessions will tell them that they need to make their children go to school as they will be rewarded in the long run. This would be because their children may get better jobs and therefore the parents will be proud and may benefit financially. The shaping of the parents behaviour will then be seen by the children and their views towards school will also change. Also the parents may encourage their children to go to school, they will do this as they will both ultimately benefit. Based on the third issue within the article I would suggest that the parents whose relationships with schools have broken down should be sent a very formal letter inviting them in for a talk. During this talk they should be shown how difficult it is to teach pupils whose parents have no respect for them. They should be told that the pupils also believe that teachers deserve no respect. If a normal relationship can be made then the students may look at this and also change their relationship with their teachers. References Oliver, K (2000) Psychology and Everyday Life. Hodder and Stoughton.

Origin of the Palestine-Israel Conflict

Origin of the Palestine-Israel Conflict Palestine In fact, the roots of the new movement of Zionism go back to the nineteenth century. The reasons for the foundation of such movement are secular nationalism as well as actions of persecution done against Jews in Europe especially in Germany (because of Hitler and the Jewish holocausts). Despite the fact that Zionism was a great step, at the beginning, for Jews to gain their freedom and civil rights, it hid another truth. In fact, there was a desire to create a whole new entity and settlement for the Jewish population in Palestine since it is considered the old chosen land by God. On the other side, a lot of people confuse between Zionism and Jewish religion. However, there is a difference: while Zionism looks forward to getting back to Zion, known as the land of Israel, Jews believed that only God can take a decision in this issue. Because many Jews believed that God punished their ancestors in the past because of their violation of His laws and committing sins, they have faith that their return back to Palestine would be a proof on Gods forgiveness towards their actions. On the contrary, Zionists refused to be part of the European community hence persecution against them continued in spite of issuing laws that prohibited Jewish violence. Thats why persecuted Jewish began to think of a new idea to have their own land where they can live freely and thats why they stated to take actions to achieve such dream. Ottoman Society, Palestine, and the Origins of Zionism (n.d.). . In Jews in Europe (p. 26) The following papers will discuss why Palestine managed to attract the attention of the whole world especially countries like Britain, France and the United States. They will also talk about strategies adopted by these countries to form settlements in Israel and why Jews succeeded in achieving their target of gaining back the lost land. Strategies implemented by countries to create Israel: As for Britain, it started to take Palestine and the Zionism movement into consideration since 1916. After the fall of the government of the British Prime Minister Asquith, David Lloyd George took over the position. In fact, George was really interested in Zionism and sensitive to this issue. In addition, he was very enthusiastic about including his government in any matter related to foreign policy. Moreover, the year of 1917 in Russia witnessed the arousal of a revolution which contributed in causing the fall of the tsarist government. Furthermore, such uprising helped Bolsheviks to take over the country and gain dominion. There were risks about the fact that Russia could abandon the idea of war leading to the obligation of the German policies to focus all their efforts and powers against British and French armies. Actually, these risks managed to spread awareness about the Zionism movement as a way through which Jews, who hold the Russian nationality, could be convinced to have a role in this revolution in order to enhance and foster the efforts implemented by their country in the war. Thats why Zionists who used to stay in London adopted this opinion so that they could be able to support the British tendency towards a declaration that agrees with Zionism. However, those Zionists believed that Jews who lived in Russia wouldnt support any kind of war effort. At the end, the British government was searching for getting aids and supplies from Americans. Therefore, British thought that their positive tendency towards Zionism would lead to forcing the American president Wilson to take part in the war on the British ally. Thus, all these reasons, along with the belief of Jews in their fate, have resulted in the Balfour Declaration announced on the second of November 1917. This declaration, in fact, granted Jews the right to stay and live in Palestine as if it is their home. Despite the fact that Balfour Declaration didnt achieve all the dreams of Zionists all over the world, it was considered as a first step towards forming a stable Jewish state in the chosen land and as recognition of the existence of a Jewish entity by the whole globe. Britain, Palestine, and the Balfour Declaration (n.d.). . In Jews in Europe (pp. 63-64) As for the United States, its interest in Palestine has increased after the Camp David accords between Israel and Egypt in 1978 in which the American president Jimmy Carter announced the outcomes of this agreement. According to this treaty, Egypt was able to oblige Israel to get all of its followers and citizens out of Sinai. However, some issues regarding Gaza and the West Bank werent solved resulting in the occurrence of a lot of conflicts between both countries. Regarding the resolution no. 242 stated by the United Nations, the American government believes that its pledge to foster such resolution wasnt changed. According to this resolution, Americans thought that founding settlements in Palestinian, Syrian and Jordanian lands by Israel is considered as a violation to Camp David treaty and an obstacle in the path of accomplishing peace in the Middle East. Despite the fact that Prime Minister Begin declared that Israel would no more found any settlements in Palestine after signing peace agreements, he announced later his abandon of this opinion after being pushed and driven by Likud. The role of the United States in the Arab-Israeli conflict appears in the fact that it supports the Israeli policy used to create settlements in Palestine although it is illegal and against the stipulated laws in the entire world. The Origin of the Palestine-Israel Conflict THIRD EDITION (including Intifada 2000). (n.d.). Retrieved 13 February 2017, from http://www.deiryassin.org/pdf/origin_booklet.pdf As for France, it all started in the campaign led by Napoleon in 1799 towards the Palestinian lands. In fact, he had the urge to attract the attention of Jews all over the world in order to be his allies to win the war. Thats why he began to declare his thoughts about reconstructing the Jewish Temple and encouraging Jews to go back to their original land. All of his thoughts were due to his desire to achieve certain political objectives. Such campaign managed to attract the attention of the British government since it started to feel threatened because of its routes towards Indian lands. Since then, France began to have interest in Palestine. Kayyali, A.-W. (2014). Zionism and Imperialism: The Historical Origins. Retrieved February 13, 2017, from http://www.palestine-studies.org/sites/default/files/jps-articles/Zionism%20and%20Imperialism-%20The%20Historical%20Origins.pdf Reasons for creating Israel: There are many reasons that contributed in the foundation of the Israeli state. One of them is that Arab countries didnt have the right leadership skills. As a matter of fact, Palestine was full of different groups which thought they would be able to prevent the settlement of Israeli citizens in their land by refusing to negotiate with them. However, after the failure of such point of view at the United Nations, they started to resort to another strategy which is force. They believed that cooperation between Arab armies would accomplish their target. Despite the fact that Arab countries had had many weapons and arms, they werent able to win the war. This is due to the lack of experience and sufficient training as well as the inability to test the skills of troops in reality. In addition, the war between Israel and Arab attracted the attention of the globe to an important flaw of Arabs which is their huge self-confidence. On the contrary, they didnt trust each other. For example, ther e were concerns and doubts about the interest of King Abdullah in the Palestinian cause. All of this has contributed in the failure of Palestinians to maintain their land more than the success of Israel to form settlements there. The Birth of the state (n.d.). . In WW2 and the Creation of Israel Reasons for choosing Palestine: According to Zionists, Palestine is the chosen land granted by God to their ancestors. Thats why no place could be better to gain back their glory and form their lost kingdom like Palestine. Furthermore, international organizations which supported Zionism called Lovers of Zion encouraged a lot of persecuted Europeans and Russians to resort to Palestine to find freedom and peace. Since then, the whole world began to form the idea of creating the Jewish kingdom. Despite the fact that Russians refused this solution, these opinions had contributed in increasing the interest towards Palestine and taking it into consideration as an important terrain. The Origin of the Palestine-Israel Conflict THIRD EDITION (including Intifada 2000). (n.d.). Retrieved 13 February 2017, from http://www.deiryassin.org/pdf/origin_booklet.pdf To conclude, Zionism movement was created because it managed to gain support and enhancement from different countries all over the world. These countries such as Britain, the United States and France figured out that in order to achieve their political interests and goals, they have to support this movement against the Palestinian cause. Despite the fact that all these countries had a huge role in the Israeli settlement, I believe that Britain is one of the main reasons that contributed in doing so. According to my opinion, Britain succeeded in officially proving that Israelis had the right to stay in Palestine because of Balfour declaration. Without such declaration, Israelis wouldnt have the audacity or the power to enter the Palestinian lands and the whole world, even the United States, wouldnt have been encouraged to support Jewish who wanted to go there. Thats why Arabs must drive the attention of international organizations interested in civil rights to give Palestinians back t heir lost land and freedom. References: Ottoman Society, Palestine, and the Origins of Zionism (n.d.). . In Jews in Europe (p. 26) The Origin of the Palestine-Israel Conflict THIRD EDITION (including Intifada 2000). (n.d.). Retrieved 13 February 2017, from http://www.deiryassin.org/pdf/origin_booklet.pdf The Birth of the state (n.d.). . In WW2 and the Creation of Israel Kayyali, A.-W. (2014). Zionism and Imperialism: The Historical Origins. Retrieved February 13, 2017, from http://www.palestine-studies.org/sites/default/files/jps-articles/Zionism%20and%20Imperialism-%20The%20Historical%20Origins.pdf Britain, Palestine, and the Balfour Declaration (n.d.). . In Jews in Europe (pp. 63-64)

Teacher Leadership as a Change Agent Essay -- york barr,education syst

Teachers have always played one of the most important roles in schools and in the educational histories of most students. One of the greatest challenges facing education systems is implementing the changes that would increase student learning. In this paper, I seek to investigate the traditional views of school reform by redefining the roles teachers can play in school change and thus, increasing student’s learnings outcome. How do we make change happen in education? Considering current framework in light of the ever-changing context of schooling, appear to view classroom-based teachers as having little to no authority, as being incapable of initiating school wide change according to their will. Mostly, teacher has been considered in two roles. The first role of the teacher as a receiver and implementer of the strategies & practices formulated by others, i.e. national policy efforts or principal change initiatives. The second role of the teacher as a leader of official reform initiatives, such as those found in policies created by school district and school level principal. Moreover, both roles of the teacher also place more value on the school’s context rather than on the teacher’s potential to make change independently. Under these prevailing roles of teachers, it is very hard for teachers to initiative for school improvement without the help of traditional school leaders. The time has co me to enforce new role of the teachers that is more consistent with the 21st century’s learning framework and can provide better service to the students, where Teachers are more active than recipients and more central to school improvement than taking the lead on implementing externally-driven reforms. Thus, by studying the two dominant roles ... ... 1993.Change Forces: Probing the depths of educational reform .London: Falmer Press Fullan, M. 2011.The new meaning of educational change. (4th ed.).New York: Teachers College Press. Harris, A .2002.Building the capacity for school improvement. Hargreaves, A. 2007. Five flaws of staff development and the future beyond. Journal of Staff Development 28: 37-38. Jilek, J., Loadman, W., &Derby, L. 1998.ohio’s P-12 systematic educational reform: Implications for the preparation of teachers and administrator. Murphy, J. 2005. Continuing teacher leadership and school improvement .Thousand Oaks, CA: Crownie Press Rogers, E.M. 2003.Diffusion of innovations (5th ed.). New York: Free Press. York-Barr, J. & K. Duke (2004) what do we know about teacher leadership? Findings from two decades of scholarship. Review of educational research 74(3), 255-316.

Deception Point Page 107

Rachel fell onto her back against the cockpit's rear wall. Half submerged in sloshing water, she stared straight up at the leaking dome, hovering over her like a giant skylight. Outside was only night†¦ and thousands of tons of ocean pressing down. Rachel willed herself to get up, but her body felt dead and heavy. Again her mind reeled backward in time to the icy grip of a frozen river. â€Å"Fight, Rachel!† her mother was shouting, reaching down to pull her out of the water. â€Å"Grab on!† Rachel closed her eyes. I'm sinking. Her skates felt like lead weights, dragging her down. She could see her mother lying spread-eagle on the ice to disperse her own weight, reaching out. â€Å"Kick, Rachel! Kick with your feet!† Rachel kicked as best as she could. Her body rose slightly in the icy hole. A spark of hope. Her mother grabbed on. â€Å"Yes!† her mother shouted. â€Å"Help me lift you! Kick with your feet!† With her mother pulling from above, Rachel used the last of her energy to kick with her skates. It was just enough, and her mother dragged Rachel up to safety. She dragged the soaking Rachel all the way to the snowy bank before collapsing in tears. Now, inside the growing humidity and heat of the sub, Rachel opened her eyes to the blackness around her. She heard her mother whispering from the grave, her voice clear even here in the sinking Triton. Kick with your feet. Rachel looked up at the dome overhead. Mustering the last of her courage, Rachel clambered up onto the cockpit chair, which was oriented almost horizontally now, like a dental chair. Lying on her back, Rachel bent her knees, pulled her legs back as far as she could, aimed her feet upward, and exploded forward. With a wild scream of desperation and force, she drove her feet into the center of the acrylic dome. Spikes of pain shot into her shins, sending her brain reeling. Her ears thundered suddenly, and she felt the pressure equalize with a violent rush. The seal on the left side of the dome gave way, and the huge lens partially dislodged, swinging open like a barn door. A torrent of water crashed into the sub and drove Rachel back into her chair. The ocean thundered in around her, swirling up under her back, lifting her now off the chair, tossing her upside down like a sock in a washing machine. Rachel groped blindly for something to hold on to, but she was spinning wildly. As the cockpit filled, she could feel the sub begin a rapid free fall for the bottom. Her body rammed upward in the cockpit, and she felt herself pinned. A rush of bubbles erupted around her, twisting her, dragging her to the left and upward. A flap of hard acrylic smashed into her hip. All at once she was free. Twisting and tumbling into the endless warmth and watery blackness, Rachel felt her lungs already aching for air. Get to the surface! She looked for light but saw nothing. Her world looked the same in all directions. Blackness. No gravity. No sense of up or down. In that terrifying instant, Rachel realized she had no idea which way to swim. Thousands of feet beneath her, the sinking Kiowa chopper crumpled beneath the relentlessly increasing pressure. The fifteen high-explosive, antitank AGM-114 Hellfire missiles still aboard strained against the compression, their copper liner cones and spring-detonation heads inching perilously inward. A hundred feet above the ocean floor, the powerful shaft of the megaplume grabbed the remains of the chopper and sucked it downward, hurling it against the red-hot crust of the magma dome. Like a box of matches igniting in series, the Hellfire missiles exploded, tearing a gaping hole through the top of the magma dome. Having surfaced for air, and then dove again in desperation, Michael Tolland was suspended fifteen feet underwater scanning the blackness when the Hellfire missiles exploded. The white flash billowed upward, illuminating an astonishing image-a freeze-frame he would remember forever. Rachel Sexton hung ten feet below him like a tangled marionette in the water. Beneath her, the Triton sub fell away fast, its dome hanging loose. The sharks in the area scattered for the open sea, clearly sensing the danger this area was about to unleash. Tolland's exhilaration at seeing Rachel out of the sub was instantly vanquished by the realization of what was about to follow. Memorizing her position as the light disappeared, Tolland dove hard, clawing his way toward her. Thousands of feet down, the shattered crust of the magma dome exploded apart, and the underwater volcano erupted, spewing twelve-hundred-degree-Celsius magma up into the sea. The scorching lava vaporized all the water it touched, sending a massive pillar of steam rocketing toward the surface up the central axis of the megaplume. Driven by the same kinematic properties of fluid dynamics that powered tornadoes, the steam's vertical transfer of energy was counterbalanced by an anticyclonic vorticity spiral that circled the shaft, carrying energy in the opposite direction. Spiraling around this column of rising gas, the ocean currents started intensifying, twisting downward. The fleeing steam created an enormous vacuum that sucked millions of gallons of seawater downward into contact with the magma. As the new water hit bottom, it too turned into steam and needed a way to escape, joining the growing column of exhaust steam and shooting upward, pulling more water in beneath it. As more water rushed in to take its place, the vortex intensified. The hydrothermal plume elongated, and the towering whirlpool grew stronger with every passing second, its upper rim moving steadily toward the surface. An oceanic black hole had just been born. Rachel felt like a child in a womb. Hot, wet darkness all engulfing her. Her thoughts were muddled in the inky warmth. Breathe. She fought the reflex. The flash of light she had seen could only have come from the surface, and yet it seemed so far away. An illusion. Get to the surface. Weakly, Rachel began swimming in the direction where she had seen the light. She saw more light now†¦ an eerie red glow in the distance. Daylight? She swam harder. A hand caught her by the ankle. Rachel half-screamed underwater, almost exhaling the last of her air. The hand pulled her backward, twisting her, pointing her back in the opposite direction. Rachel felt a familiar hand grasp hers. Michael Tolland was there, pulling her along with him the other way. Rachel's mind said he was taking her down. Her heart said he knew what he was doing. Kick with your feet, her mother's voice whispered. Rachel kicked as hard as she could. 130 Even as Tolland and Rachel broke the surface, he knew it was over. The magma dome erupted. As soon as the top of the vortex reached the surface, the giant underwater tornado would begin pulling everything down. Strangely, the world above the surface was not the quiet dawn he had left only moments ago. The noise was deafening. Wind slashed at him as if some kind of storm had hit while he was underwater. Tolland felt delirious from lack of oxygen. He tried to support Rachel in the water, but she was being pulled from his arms. The current! Tolland tried to hold on, but the invisible force pulled harder, threatening to tear her from him. Suddenly, his grip slipped, and Rachel's body slid through his arms-but upward. Bewildered, Tolland watched Rachel's body rise out of the water. Overhead, the Coast Guard Osprey tilt-rotor airplane hovered and winched Rachel in. Twenty minutes ago, the Coast Guard had gotten a report of an explosion out at sea. Having lost track of the Dolphin helicopter that was supposed to be in the area, they feared an accident. They typed the chopper's last known coordinates into their navigation system and hoped for the best. About a half mile from the illuminated Goya, they saw a field of burning wreckage drifting on the current. It looked like a speedboat. Nearby, a man was in the water, waving his arms wildly. They winched him in. He was stark naked-all except for one leg, which was covered with duct tape.

Situational Leadership

Leadership is as much a function of the situation in which the participants find themselves as it is of the characteristic of a leader. (Discuss) The characteristics of a leader are most important; however, one needs to take into consideration that different situations call for different types of leadership. Previous research by Luccier & Achua (2010) states that different situations need different types of leadership. Therefore, leadership, organisational culture, situational leadership, personality and other traits need to be defined. Furthermore, an exploration of the impact of situations in relation to the characteristics of a leader and/or their leadership style shall be discussed, as will argue how this impacts upon the organisation and its leadership. A discussion of what abilities should be displayed by a leader in different situations, especially in education will ensue. Evidence suggests (Palmer 2011) that leadership changes its meaning, revealing different thoughts as well as different viewpoints. It â€Å"is the influencing process of leaders and followers to achieve organisational objectives through change† (Luccier & Achua 2010, p6. Daft (2005) highlights that there is a connection between leaders and followers, and the goals they wish to attain. In other words, leadership affects power or control, and it takes place amongst people, and those people wanting critical change (Richard & Andrew, (2009). Above all, leadership is about motivating â€Å"confidence and support† who are required t o realise the objectives of the organisation (Palmer 2011; Dubrin, 2004, p. 3) A number of writers have defined traits as â€Å"distinguishing personal characteristics† of a leader for example honesty, appearance, intelligence and self-confidence. Luccier & Achua 2010 p 33; Palmer 2011; Samson &Draft 2003) Personality is the mixture (combination) of traits in regards to specific behaviour. In other words, personality is character, and it affects our decisions. (Palmer 2011; Luccier & Achua, 2004, p. 29) Organisation culture relates to a collection of, standards, and understandings shared by members of an organisation, including new members. (Richard & Andrew 2009) In addition, it is viewed as a â€Å"shared mental model† or â€Å"social glue† that brings an organisation together. (Luccier &Achua 2010; p. 70) The staff at a school, led by a Principal should possess such a model. Situational leadership is a theory identified by Harsey & Blanchard (1969) that purports that â€Å"effective leaders are those that reflect greater change in their leadership style in respect to task orientation and directive orientation in support of individual follower’s abilities and requirements†. Fuchs (2007; p. 15) It is also based on the thought that leadership moves between business followers according to the needs of an individual group at a specific time. Sousa 2003) Ministers of Education, Principals and Education Department heads should all embrace this theory, so that they can instigate positive development and/or change in their respective organisations. Leadership style is the mixture or combination of personalities, abilities and behaviours leaders use as they relate with followers. (Luccier & Achua 2010) Observations of followers can suggest the favoured approach or forms of behaviour used by different leaders. (Fuchs (2007) Thus, a school leader would need to know their staff reasonably well to be able to do so. Organisational success is not only influenced by leadership, but, also by the organisation’s vision, cultural mission and support from the public. However, many specialists argue that strong leadership is very important to organisational needs (Richard & Andrew 2009). Above all, effective leaders are ethos or beliefs makers (Luccier & Achua 2010). According to Palmer (2011) leadership is the skill to encourage, impact and inspire staff to achieve excellent work, and states that motivation is measured as a dominant instrument for employers’ improvement. It also helps leaders to realise the types of people in their organisation and inspire them to get involved in developing and improving the organisation. A practical example of this is illustrated in the USA study which indicated that about 77 percent of workers or employees were not satisfied at work, mainly because they felt they were not motivated by their leader (Luccier & Achua, 2010. ). New employees need to be motivated by their leader, which in turn leads to greater job satisfaction and a greater likelihood of organisational involvement. A Principal should make professional development school wide and appropriate to the school, it students and educational context. Effective leaders are responsible for direction and support of every worker, and also assist with conflict resolution. They also have to be outstanding speakers to be able to communicate well so that they can pass on information to staff and also to people outside the organisation (Palmer 2011; Richard & Andrew 2009). In a school, the Principal/Deputy Principal would need to deal with such conflicts, making sure that they are imparcial and fair, free from bias. Leaders serve as role models for employees and are key motivators. Staff members can model honesty, integrity, commitment and other values demonstrated by their leader. (Luccier & Achua, 2010; Palmer 2011) In addition, they are strategic developers which form the organisation’s vision in collaboration with staff and other stake holders. Above all, they are policy producers and decision makers for both staff and organisations (Cited in Palmer 2011 Dubrin, 2004). Decisions can either be right or wrong, and can lead to the success or failure of an organisation, unless guided by a learned, insightful leader. An effective leader should demonstrate values like accountability, transparency, professionalism, commitment, innovation and motivation. Above all, an effective leader should be versatile to be able to cope with global change and new trends in management and leadership. Principals and others in educational leadership roles need to have up-to-date knowledge and be able to utilise it appropriately. Previous research (Luccier & Achua 2010; Palmer 2011) states that leadership efficiency is learnable. Not all leaders represent leadership hat has been learned. Different leadership styles are used under certain conditions according to Dubrin & Dalglish (2001) they draw attention to Malcolm Fraser's experience. He changed his leadership style due to influences on his situation. For instance, Fraser as Prime Minister of Australia, he was exercising authority, whilst also acting as chairman of CARE Australia, his profile was low. For this reason, one can highlight that the situation has an imp act on which leadership style is most effective. The impact can be influenced by both internal and external situations. Also, it may be negative or positive depending on how favourable or unfavourable the employee’s or leader’s perceptions are (Richard & Andrew 2009). Fiedler’s (1967 as cited in Richard & Andrew 2009) point out that leaders’ have essential features. In the same way he establishes the contingency theory as a session of behavioural concepts based on the principle that there is no one preferred way of leading, and that a similar leadership style does not work in all circumstances. This theory is classifying a manager’s leadership style as task motivated and relationship motivated. Fiedler (1967) used the least preferred co-worker (LPC) scale to measure the degree of leadership style. Fiedler’s theory highlights that situations can be placed into three categories, namely high, low and moderate. Fiedler also used the leader match concept to match leaders to situations. For instance, Fiedler points out that task motivated leaders do better in situations that are high, enabling them to concentrate on building and maintaining relationships. In contrast, for moderate situations the relationship motivated is better, so is not as much of a focal point, as in low situations. Task motivated leaders may do well, but they may create a sense of misunderstanding, while relationship motivated leaders will seek consultations and support staff emotionally. The contingency theory is the most researched and advantageous, however, it had been established that it is very difficult to make sure that it has a good influence on most leaders. Furthermore, the total amount of control a eader exerts differs depending on the time and situation. It has been argued that from the situational characteristics, there is a negative connection between LPC score and group performance. Also, it is hard to make a summary about a leader's performance, when leaders are always adapting their leadership style according to changing situations they find themselves in. More research needs to be carried out on the contingency leadership so that it can be flexib le and meet the desired outcomes of modern globalization tests and organisational requirements. The Situational Leadership model (SLM) was developed by Hersey and Blanchard (1996) as cited in Richard & Andrew (2009). It focuses on followers as being the significant component of the situation, and therefore, defines an actual leader's behaviour. Hersey & Blanchard (1996) highlighted the importance of appropriate leadership training, and stress the importance of leaders being adaptive in exact situations. In the case of school Principals, many have not received adequate training to be able to do a productive and credible job. However, experience, maturity and impartiality may be evident and are the reasons for a person being chosen for such a position. Hersey and Blanchard (1996) support the earlier theoretical assumptions from the Ohio State study which reveal that behaviour of a leader can be a combination of two points of view, such as having aspects of being democratic and autocratic. (Luccier & Achua 2010) The SLM is based on four groups which are a mixture of the two dimensions â€Å"delegating, participating, selling and telling† (Dubrin & Dalglish 2001, p157. This model focuses on the readiness of group members and states that â€Å"there is no one best way to influence group members and the most effective leadership style depends on the level of the group members† (Dubrin & Dalglish 2001 p. 156) In addition, employees differ in readiness levels. For instance, there are those that lack enthusiasm for a task due to a lack of appropriate training. These employees lack confidence in the ir abilities. To improve on this, a change of leadership style may be required. Such employees are in contrast to those with high levels of task readiness. These employees, thanks to better training, are secure and confident employees who are able to make decisions and contributions to their organisations. Luccier & Achua, (2010) argued that leaders should develop skills and task should be clearly stated as evident in MacDonald’s Corporation. The leaders in this organisation provide employees with ongoing training, thus constantly upgrading and improving their skills, so that they can be confident when performing tasks. If a teacher/staff member is not well trained in some aspect of their job, i. e. omputer based programs; Principals ought to provide access to such training, without critical outcomes. The leader has the ability to guide the business to greater success and employee participation by developing better relationships within their organisation (Dubrin & Dalglish. 2001) Such a model would be a good one to be adopted by organisations, especially in Swaziland, where employees are low in their task readiness, due to numero us constraints. This is a situation beyond control and cannot be changed overnight, but, it is a possibility in the future. Therefore, the leadership style can be changed to suit or meet different groups. For example, in a classroom situation, a student with impairment cannot change that situation, but a teacher can change teaching methods by differentiating their teaching in order to meet the individual's needs. This model has been demonstrated as being valuable as a foundation for leadership training. (Dubrin & Dalglish 2001) It has been established that before one decides on a leadership style, one has to assess the readiness level of the group members. It also provides leaders with precise guidelines, and not complicated rhetoric unlike the contingency theory. However, Vecchio's (1987) research on 300 teachers and their principals, showed mixed results, advising that this model is only good for staff that are confident. More research should be carried out in different cultures and differing contexts so as to provide appropriate examples for differing settings, so as to get results that will be relevant to contemporary issues and global challenges. (Dubrin & Dalglish 2001) In conclusion, the contingency and path goal theory focus on â€Å"task, authority and nature of the subordinates†; while the cognitive resource theory illustrates that stress is vital to â€Å"how leader’s intelligence is related to group performances† (Fieldler & Garcia1987; Vecchio 1990; Chemers1997 cited in Dubrin & Dalglish p. 163) Principals have a stressful role, therefore, many draw on such resources to be effective leaders. The SLM focuses on the everyday tasks and the effective applications of behaviours the leader employs. Dubrin & Dalglish 2001). The SLM is a more appropriate model, and has demonstrated its impact by addressing culturally diverse organisations, leadership effectiveness in the global context and by its correlating leadership styles and follower relationships. (Luccier & Achua, 2010). The writer believes that SLM is still the appropriate and relevant style for a leader, as it can bring change to a leader’s behaviour as it is conn ected with relationships, which is more important to subordinates for mutual understanding. On another note, culture is very important when leading people, all the situational models originated and were tested in the United States, which may not be appropriate or have the same impact compared to other cultures in Africa, Asia and Europe. Henson and Werner felt (1989) suggest that the culture of an organisation influences how subconscious and conscious decisions are made in it. (Lok & Crawford 2003) Finally, more research needs to be carried out, that will establish an effective leadership style chosen to be appropriate for diverse cultural organisations.

Alcoholism Feature Article Essay

Introduction (Opening facts): Alcohol is the most dangerous drug in Australia, beating crack and heroin into second and third place in the ranking, according to recent studies. The current research used data from the 2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Health found that almost 60% of 18-24 year old current drinkers, who failed to complete high school, began drinking before the age of 16. The survey also revealed that teens are more likely to try alcohol for the first time during the summer months, along with other harmful drugs or cigarettes. Teens are susceptible to alcohol mostly during this time due to more idle time, fewer responsibilities and less adult supervision. Effects and results: With more than 1 in five teens between the ages of 14 and 19 of age, consuming alcohol on a weekly basis, the risk of cancer, digestive diseases and addicted related medical issues are predicted to rise. Those who drink regularly have been proven to have a lower productivity rate than those of unaffected areas. Underage drinking plays a significant role in risky, sexual and often violent behaviour, which can lead to other health issues or injuries. As a result of this, motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death in people ages 15 to 20. Deadly crashes involving alcohol are twice as common in teens compared with people 21 and older. Further more, mixing drinking with swimming or boating can be fatal. Four out of 10 teens that drown have consumed alcohol. Underage drinking has also been linked with deaths and injuries from burns, falls, alcohol poisoning and suicide. Consequently, the total cost attribute to underage drinking includes costs of traffic cras hes, violent crime and injuries and treatment, equates to over $15.2 billion per year. Signs and prevention: From the results of underage drinking proving deadly and most harmful, people in today’s modern society need to wake up to the signs towards alcoholism, especially towards younger victims. Mood changes, irritability and defensiveness are physical signs, which can be easily recognised. Another example is further school problems such as poor attendance, low grades and rebellion against family rules. Although many of the symptoms may seem typical towards an ordinary teenager, parents and carers should still be aware of these as they may reflect on how their child may be suffering from alcoholism. ‘It is critically important to take every opportunity we can, throughout the year to talk to our young people about the real risk of substance abuse and effective measures for avoiding it, so they will be informed and capable of making the right responsible decision.’ Common Experiences: A recent victim who has suffered from alcohol as a result to his death, is Liam Davies (16). As reported after New Years, Davies drank the tainted alcohol while celebrating New Year’s in Sydney with friends. He was rushed to a local hospital where he was in an unstable critical condition from alcohol poisoning. The Davies family released a statement asking for Australians to be careful when holidaying abroad or drinking in general. â€Å"We would like to make people aware of the risks associated with consuming alcohol, especially without appropriate supervision†.

Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 155

Discussion - Essay Example As echoed in history, the president while at the University wrote vast books that talked about race relations after Random House awarded him a contract. Later on, he directed the Illinois Project Vote, which saw a large turnout of the blacks. Further, the rise of the powerful yet social President took the center stage that accentuated him to power. Indeed, Obama is a professional and socially intelligent leader. Leaders are often thought to guide and influence the lives of the others in a positive way (Larson & Paulino, 2014). The incumbent president of the US demonstrates the features of a real leader. He is not only professional but also socially acknowledge throughout the world. For instance, he is familiar with the latest greeting style that he shares with the youths in Jamaica at the University of the West Indies Kingston. In addition, from his early life, Obama demonstrated his professional and social capacities by influencing and organizing the residents of Altgeld Gardens to fight for their rights. Additionally, this noble characteristic featured when he led the Illinois Project Vote that influenced a massive voter turnout. Further, it is evident from his first election as the president of Harvard Law School where he could demonstrate that can deliver despite being a black among the whites. Therefore, the president reveals strong professional and social characteristics that embody h im as a true leader and intelligent